{"id":10465,"date":"2017-11-15T20:38:28","date_gmt":"2017-11-15T20:38:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=10465"},"modified":"2017-11-15T20:38:28","modified_gmt":"2017-11-15T20:38:28","slug":"why-puerto-rico-is-getting-the-brunt-of-donor-fatigue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/why-puerto-rico-is-getting-the-brunt-of-donor-fatigue\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Puerto Rico is getting the brunt of &#8216;donor fatigue&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Why Puerto Rico is getting the brunt of &#8216;donor fatigue&#8217;<\/h1>\n<figure>\n    <img src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/194425\/original\/file-20171113-27622-1d7mvz1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip\" alt=\"File 20171113 27622 1d7mvz1.jpg?ixlib=rb 1.1\" \/><figcaption>\n        Being one of a series of disasters made relief in Puerto Rico harder to come by after Hurricane Maria.<br \/>\n        <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"http:\/\/www.apimages.com\/metadata\/Index\/APTOPIX-Puerto-Rico-Hurricane-Maria-Shelter-Life\/94af5b8794744d9cb0b49439c4068957\/107\/0\">AP Photo\/Ramon Espinosa<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n      <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/samantha-penta-417128\">Samantha Penta<\/a>, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-at-albany-state-university-of-new-york-1978\">University at Albany, State University of New York<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Recovering from disasters is never easy. When disasters pile up, it gets harder.<\/p>\n<p>On top of the inevitable competition for everything from the government\u2019s funding for recovery efforts to construction materials, donations for relief operations dry up as givers develop what\u2019s known as \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.winspireme.com\/16-fundraising-best-practices-for-preventing-donor-fatigue\">donor fatigue<\/a>.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>While studying disaster relief and community resilience, I\u2019ve learned that there are many factors shaping if and how much people give. I\u2019ve also found that those decisions can have important consequences for communities affected by disasters. And when multiple devastating events occur around the same time, the strain on donors and responders takes a big toll.<\/p>\n<h2>Donor fatigue<\/h2>\n<p>When donors have already supported other relief efforts, they may feel that they either can\u2019t or don\u2019t need to give again. <\/p>\n<p>Today, that means many people who supported recovery efforts after Hurricane Harvey or perhaps Hurricane Irma are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/money\/2017\/10\/04\/puerto-rico-donations-lag-behind-fundraising-harvey-irma-victims-vegas-shooting\/731955001\/\">not pitching in<\/a> to help Puerto Rico following Hurricane Maria. <\/p>\n<p>While the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.redcross.org\/about-us\/media\/press-releases\">American Red Cross<\/a>, a leading relief nonprofit, said it had raised <a href=\"http:\/\/www.redcross.org\/news\/press-release\/American-Red-Cross-Issues-One-Month-Progress-Report-on-Relief-Response-for-Historic-Hurricane-Harvey\">US$350 million for Hurricane Harvey<\/a> recovery efforts within a month, donations a month after <a href=\"http:\/\/www.redcross.org\/news\/press-release\/Hurricane-Irma-One-Month-Progress-Report-Details-American-Red-Cross-Relief-Efforts\">Irma totaled only $56.4 million<\/a>. Red Cross donations amounted to just <a href=\"http:\/\/www.redcross.org\/news\/press-release\/One-Month-Progress-Report-Highlights-American-Red-Cross-Response-to-Hurricane-Maria\">$31.6 million a month after Maria<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>And that\u2019s despite estimates that total losses for each of the three big hurricanes were staggering and ranked <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/hurricane-damage-economic-costs-4150369\">among the highest ever registered<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Texas alone suffered an estimated <a href=\"http:\/\/www.houstonchronicle.com\/news\/houston-texas\/houston\/article\/Abbott-weathering-political-storms-in-addition-to-12299718.php\">$150 billion in damage<\/a> from Harvey. Irma may have wrought as much as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.accuweather.com\/en\/weather-news\/accuweather-predicts-economic-cost-of-harvey-irma-to-be-290-billion\/70002686\">$100 billion<\/a> in damage, and for Puerto Rico, Maria\u2019s price tag may ultimately total some <a href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/puerto-rico-faces-cash-shortfall-hurricane-maria-50839504\">$95 billion<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"SKW2M\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/SKW2M\/3\/\" height=\"400px\" width=\"100%\" style=\"border: none\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The ways people tend to give after disasters \u2013 such as a preference for <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-giving-cash-not-clothing-is-usually-best-after-disasters-83405\">in-kind donations<\/a> like clothing and food and tying strings to cash \u2013 can also magnify the damage done by donor fatigue. <\/p>\n<p>Giving things as opposed to cash may make donors feel like they\u2019re making a concrete difference or make them more confident that their contribution will be put to a specific good use. But sending cases of bottled water or bales of diapers on long trips rarely helps as much as just giving money. It\u2019s expensive and inefficient, and there is bound to be a mismatch between these items and what people on the ground actually need.<\/p>\n<p>In-kind donations can also get stranded. Unused goods, like cases of peanut butter or blankets, either get put to a nonemergency use or sent to another location. When the latter happens, that means the water bottles, blankets or other things take extra trips \u2013 becoming more expensive by the time they make it to, say, a Puerto Rican mountaintop village.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/194426\/original\/file-20171113-27585-1avvv2u.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/194426\/original\/file-20171113-27585-1avvv2u.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"><\/a><figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">These cases of bottled water were donated for the Empire State Relief and Recovery Effort for Puerto Rico in September.<\/span><br \/>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"http:\/\/www.apimages.com\/metadata\/Index\/Hurricane-Maria-New-York-Connection\/0d0cca3f42f34669a37cae9bae58aed7\/17\/0\">AP Photo\/Julie Jacobson<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Likewise, it can cause more harm than good when donors demand that the money they give be used in a specific way.<\/p>\n<p>For example, some people stipulate that their monetary donations slated for, say, Hurricane Harvey survivors in Houston, Texas, must be used only for that purpose. That common and longstanding practice often prevents disaster relief groups from <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.guidestar.org\/news\/news-releases\/2010\/guidestar-urges-donors-not-to-restrict-nonprofits-when-giving-to-disaster-re\">using that money elsewhere<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This restriction distorts the ability of nonprofits to do their best to help the victims of more recent disasters, I\u2019ve heard from people who worked for disaster relief organizations while doing my research.<\/p>\n<p>Cash donations without constraints give relief groups the most flexibility, which helps temper the impact of donor fatigue in subsequent emergencies. <\/p>\n<p>I find the lagging donations for Irma and Maria troubling because with few exceptions, most donations to support disaster relief are made within a few weeks of hurricanes, earthquakes or other devastating events. <\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ZwsEh\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/ZwsEh\/8\/\" height=\"500\" width=\"100%\" style=\"border: none\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Government funding fatigue<\/h2>\n<p>Another problem that arises when disasters bunch up is that the government itself can\u2019t keep up with demand for the funds it reserves for relief work.<\/p>\n<p>The budget for what\u2019s known as the the <a href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R42352.pdf\">Disaster Relief Fund<\/a> is largely based on the average of the previous decade of disaster spending. While structured to accommodate the unpredictability of the number and cost of events, years with a particularly catastrophic event \u2013 or multiple major disasters \u2013 can drain this budget. In those cases, the government can\u2019t fully fund disaster response work unless <a href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R42352.pdf\">Congress passes legislation allocating more money<\/a> and the president signs off.<\/p>\n<p>Because dealing with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2017\/09\/08\/549279078\/with-harvey-and-now-irma-federal-funds-and-fema-are-put-to-the-test\">Hurricane Harvey<\/a> had largely depleted these disaster funds before Hurricanes Irma and Maria even made landfall, Trump approved an additional <a href=\"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/administration\/357404-trump-signs-365b-disaster-relief-package\">$36.5 billion<\/a> in a relief package.<\/p>\n<p>But costs from these disasters are so high that this new allocation may not suffice. In addition, the funding includes $16 billion for the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/flood-insurance-is-broken-here-are-some-ways-to-fix-it-83769\">National Flood Insurance Program<\/a>, which is not enough to to make up for its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/2017\/09\/01\/cbo-flood-insurance-program-shortfall\/625460001\/\">$25 billion debt<\/a> that began piling up after Hurricane Katrina.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"VKsRC\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/VKsRC\/4\/\" height=\"400px\" width=\"100%\" style=\"border: none\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Even more disasters<\/h2>\n<p>Compounding the problem is that Houston, Tampa, San Juan and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/will-wildfires-leave-lasting-economic-scars-on-californias-vital-wine-country-86174\">California\u2019s wine country<\/a> aren\u2019t the only communities struggling to get back on their feet.<\/p>\n<p>In the middle of this busy hurricane and wildfire season, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/mexicos-road-to-recovery-after-quakes-is-far-longer-than-it-looks-84479\">Mexico was rocked by two earthquakes<\/a> \u2013 one of which also caused major damage in Guatemala. In South Asia, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/devastating-himalayan-floods-are-made-worse-by-an-international-blame-game-83103\">Bangladesh, India and Nepal were swamped<\/a> by extreme flooding.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, crises created through politics and war need donor aid too. Violence across the Middle East is still <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/where-have-4-8-million-syrian-refugees-gone-57968\">uprooting millions of people<\/a> in that region, many of whom have nowhere to go as anti-refugee fervor heats up around the world. And hundreds of thousands of <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/will-anyone-protect-the-rohingya-85809\">Rohingya refugees<\/a> have fled persecution in Myanmar.<\/p>\n<p>Just like when multiple disasters occur within a country, simultaneous crises across the globe create competition for relief resources on an international scale.<\/p>\n<p>The good news is that there are some creative ways to combat donor fatigue and boost giving \u2013 even after relief donations usually dry up. For instance, musical theater superstar <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/lin-manuel-miranda-brings-help-hope-to-puerto-rico\/\">Lin-Manuel Miranda<\/a> will reprise his signature role as Alexander Hamilton in 2019 in San Juan to raise money for Puerto Rican disaster relief while lifting local spirits.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s also not too late for the federal government to dedicate additional funding to help fill the gaps that remain. And there\u2019s still time for everyone to make a difference by making monetary donations that give relief organizations the freedom to use those funds where they are needed the most.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/86036\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\"><p>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Lin_Manuel\/status\/928349595385638912\"><\/a>\n           <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>          <script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/samantha-penta-417128\">Samantha Penta<\/a>, Assistant Professor, College of Emergency Preparedness, Homeland Security and Cybersecurity, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-at-albany-state-university-of-new-york-1978\">University at Albany, State University of New York<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This article was originally published on <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a>. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-puerto-rico-is-getting-the-brunt-of-donor-fatigue-86036\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why Puerto Rico is getting the brunt of &#8216;donor fatigue&#8217; Being one of a series of disasters made relief in Puerto Rico harder to come by after Hurricane Maria. AP Photo\/Ramon Espinosa Samantha Penta, University at Albany, State University of New York Recovering from disasters is never easy. When disasters pile up, it gets harder. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":10466,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5,277],"tags":[3048,1910,3181,3025,3026,3087,3267,3217,3516,3515,3050,1686,2327],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10465"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10465"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10467,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10465\/revisions\/10467"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}