{"id":10751,"date":"2017-12-15T03:53:14","date_gmt":"2017-12-15T03:53:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=10751"},"modified":"2017-12-16T03:57:30","modified_gmt":"2017-12-16T03:57:30","slug":"aim-brought-instant-messaging-to-the-masses-teaching-skills-for-modern-communication","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/aim-brought-instant-messaging-to-the-masses-teaching-skills-for-modern-communication\/","title":{"rendered":"AIM brought instant messaging to the masses, teaching skills for modern communication"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/nicholas-bowman-292221\">Nicholas Bowman<\/a>, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/west-virginia-university-1375\">West Virginia University<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Toward the mid-1990s, America Online (by then going by its nickname, AOL) was the company through which most Americans accessed the internet. <a href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2010\/12\/27\/aol-discs-90s\/\">As many as half of the CD-ROMs<\/a> produced at the time bore the near-ubiquitous AOL logo, offering early computer users the opportunity to surf the internet for a flat fee \u2013 at the time, US$19.99 for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fastcompany.com\/3046194\/a-brief-history-of-aol\">unlimited monthly access<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>With <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=JWEJCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA236&amp;lpg=PA236&amp;dq=aol+hosted+half+of+us+internet+traffic&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=8f4-hHK6Jc&amp;sig=TbC_WqI4OaPLLww5-0LCVnqAkjk&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjVjPiVhPTXAhVRUd8KHfsuAncQ6AEIPDAD#v=onepage&amp;q=aol%20hosted%20half%20of%20us%20internet%20traffic&amp;f=false\">nearly half of U.S.-based internet traffic flowing through AOL<\/a>, the stage was set for a social evolution of sorts that shifted our collective relationship with technology and each other. AOL Instant Messenger, or AIM, was <a href=\"http:\/\/mashable.com\/2014\/04\/15\/aim-history\/\">launched in May 1997<\/a> as a way for AOL users to chat each other in real time, via text.<\/p>\n<p>The service\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2017\/10\/06\/aol-instant-messenger-shut-down\/\">Dec. 15 shutdown<\/a> was announced, notably, on a new real-time text communication channel, Twitter. That is just one testament to AIM\u2019s lasting effects on how people use technology to connect today.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\"><p>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/aim\/status\/916290747850264577\"><\/a>\n           <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>          <script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h2>Interaction, in private<\/h2>\n<p>AIM provided a space for discreet real-time interaction, with a layer of privacy not necessarily afforded by the home phone. In 1997, mobile phones were still remarkably expensive (<a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/people-gadgets\/the-gadget-we-miss-the-motorola-startac-9bc12db9eedb\">the Nokia 6160 cost about $900 and the Motorola StarTAC cost nearly $1,000<\/a>) and most could not send text messages. A few savvy tech users used <a href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/1997\/nov\/26\/news\/mn-57816\">pager-speak<\/a> to communicate \u201c143\u201d (\u201cI love you\u201d) to their partners; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.036\">a few others learned how romantic an email can be<\/a>. But technology-based interactions were limited; they didn\u2019t allow for real-time connection and required access to a landline (if you were on the road, likely a payphone) and a computer terminal.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/196357\/original\/file-20171125-21816-1p88t1j.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/196357\/original\/file-20171125-21816-1p88t1j.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"><\/a><figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">The login page from AIM.com, indicating the platform\u2019s closure on Dec. 15, 2017 \u2013 complete with the author\u2019s screen name, first established in 1997 when he was in high school. As of late November, none of his 150+ contacts was logged in.<\/span><br \/>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Nicholas Bowman\/WVU<\/span>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-ND<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>AIM\u2019s debut let friends and family connect in real time through their personal computers. Today, people might debate the proper balance between screentime and facetime in a society in which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/entry\/17-tips-for-parenting-when-screens-are-everywhere_us_559ab04de4b0c706985a4491\">screens are seemingly everywhere<\/a>. Yet communication research shows that <a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444813495159\">screentime can complement<\/a> rather than take away from facetime. For instance, scholars such as sociologist danah boyd argue that these venues were (and are still) critical for teenagers, who used AIM as a private space to <a href=\"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/book\/9780300199000\/its-complicated\">engage each other and explore their own identities<\/a>. For boyd, communication technologies have provided teens with ways to socialize with each other away from structured adult supervision \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2013\/03\/22\/living\/let-children-play-outside\/index.html\">something that today\u2019s children find increasingly difficult<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Screen names and social interaction<\/h2>\n<p>While certainly <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-its-important-to-understand-social-medias-dark-history-77230\">not the first form of social interaction online<\/a>, AIM established for many people one of the most critical elements of online identity: the screen name. In a text-only environment, screen names provide some of the only identifying cues for users and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/basics-of-communication-a-relational-perspective\/oclc\/775279573\">become the user\u2019s embodied identity<\/a>. Through these screen names, the AIM space felt like a social one, populated with real people and personalities rather than cold screens and text. In fact, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/were-all-still-secretly-using-our-1990s-aol-screen-names-why\">many people still use their AIM screen name<\/a> for other social media services, and many more became skilled at <a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525\/si.2005.28.3.387\">creating and maintaining more than one screen name<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>Unlike face-to-face conversations, technologies such as AIM also allowed conversations to persist on-screen, both in the short term (during the chat) and in the long term (as an archived chat). This can affect <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/15213269.2016.1247718?journalCode=hmep20\">how people see themselves<\/a>, as well as their friends \u2013 as users revisit ongoing conversations, they can adapt their language (and even their self-presentation) accordingly.<\/p>\n<h2>Communication, sans cues<\/h2>\n<p>When it became popular, the text-only nature of AIM seemed anathema to social interaction \u2013 after all, how could people communicate emotions and feelings via text, stripped of the nonverbal cues (such as facial expressions and touch) that are so <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02173410\">critical to human communication<\/a>? People didn\u2019t make the connection to the fact that it\u2019s fairly common to have in-person interactions disrupted by nonverbal cues \u2013 such as when someone\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2016\/02\/03\/health\/resting-bitch-face-research-irpt\/index.html\">facial expressions don\u2019t match<\/a> the content of the conversation.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/196360\/original\/file-20171125-21858-12jq9dt.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"><figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Early consensus about communication technology assumed that because the technologies didn\u2019t have nonverbal communication cues, they would be less effective for communication.<\/span><br \/>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Media_Richness_Theory_Diagram_PNG.png\">Tntdj<\/a>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Communication scholar Joseph Walther theorized that a reason communication technologies such as AIM were capable of <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/009365096023001001\">fostering meaningful social interaction<\/a> is that users are able to overcome the lack of nonverbals. In fact, he says, systems like AIM made it easier to form relationships online, because people might be less critical or judgmental of each other, knowing that some social cues were missing \u2013 and focus more on the words of the conversation itself. <\/p>\n<p>AIM is also where many people first saw and used emojis (then still called <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Crissov\/unicode-proposals\/issues\/257\">emoticons<\/a>) to convey emotional context around ambiguous texts \u2013 adding a smiley or a frown-face to clarify what\u2019s meant by a message such as \u201cwaiting for you to arrive.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The platform also proved fertile for the development of <a href=\"http:\/\/aimlingo.aimawaymessages.com\/\">text-speak<\/a> abbreviations to save keystrokes \u2013 the sorts of \u201cLOL\u201d and \u201cBRB\u201d notes now ubiquitous in smartphone texting. While some feared that <a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2006.00031.x\">teenagers\u2019 use of techno-gibberish would damage their language development<\/a>, today\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2014\/09\/10\/younger-americans-and-public-libraries\/\">millennials are reading more than any other generation<\/a>. This use of language suggests they may have more \u2013 not less \u2013 sophisticated communications skills. <\/p>\n<h2>AIM as a legacy technology<\/h2>\n<p>As AIM shuts down at the end of 2017, the program can fairly call itself a success. It provided the earliest widespread platform for real-time text-based chat, honing users\u2019 skills for the eventual adoption of smartphone-based texting and microblogs like Twitter. Indeed, as AOL\u2019s own statement about the shutdown says, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/aimemories.tumblr.com\/\">The way in which we communicate with each other has profoundly changed<\/a>\u201d \u2013 in large part because of AIM.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/86980\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/>Of course, for technology buffs still looking toward bygone technologies, another cue-lean, relational technology introduced in 1997 is making a comeback: The Tamagotchi digital pocket pets were <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/glixel\/news\/tamagotchi-pocket-pals-return-for-20th-anniversary-w507970\">re-released in November<\/a>. Otherwise, those looking to revisit AIM after its closure might consider the video game \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/store.steampowered.com\/app\/417860\/Emily_is_Away\/\">Emily is Away<\/a>\u201d to play through an interactive scenario with their high school bestie.<\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/nicholas-bowman-292221\">Nicholas Bowman<\/a>, Associate Professor of Communication Studies, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/west-virginia-university-1375\">West Virginia University<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This article was originally published on <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a>. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/aim-brought-instant-messaging-to-the-masses-teaching-skills-for-modern-communication-86980\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nicholas Bowman, West Virginia University Toward the mid-1990s, America Online (by then going by its nickname, AOL) was the company through which most Americans accessed the internet. As many as half of the CD-ROMs produced at the time bore the near-ubiquitous AOL logo, offering early computer users the opportunity to surf the internet for a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":10752,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3410],"tags":[3713,3712,3710,3711,3636,3714],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10751"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10751"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10751\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10753,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10751\/revisions\/10753"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10751"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10751"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}