{"id":10866,"date":"2017-12-28T05:26:56","date_gmt":"2017-12-28T05:26:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=10866"},"modified":"2017-12-29T05:34:13","modified_gmt":"2017-12-29T05:34:13","slug":"why-trumps-evangelical-supporters-welcome-his-move-on-jerusalem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/why-trumps-evangelical-supporters-welcome-his-move-on-jerusalem\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Trump&#8217;s evangelical supporters welcome his move on Jerusalem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/julie-ingersoll-428489\">Julie Ingersoll<\/a>, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-north-florida-1627\">University of North Florida<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>President Trump\u2019s announcement on Wednesday, Dec. 6 that the U.S. would recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/12\/01\/us\/politics\/trump-embassy-israel-jerusalem.html?_r=0\">received widespread criticism<\/a>. Observers quickly recognized the decision as related not so much to national security concerns as to domestic U.S. politics and promises candidate Trump made to his evangelical supporters, who <a href=\"https:\/\/www.charismanews.com\/opinion\/standing-with-israel\/68574-paula-white-samuel-rodriguez-mike-huckabee-and-jentezen-franklin-all-agree-on-this-one-thing\">welcomed the announcement.<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>Historian <a href=\"http:\/\/dianabutlerbass.com\/\">Diana Butler Bass<\/a> posted on <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/dianabutlerbass\/status\/938425601035329536\">Twitter<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u201cOf all the possible theological dog-whistles to his evangelical base, this is the biggest.  Trump is reminding them that he is carrying out God\u2019s will to these Last Days.\u201d <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>It is true that evangelicals have often noted that their support for Trump is based in their conviction that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/why-most-evangelicals-dont-condemn-trump\/2017\/09\/01\/64baab1c-8e79-11e7-91d5-ab4e4bb76a3a_story.html?utm_term=.070151a01269\">God can use the unlikeliest of men to enact his will<\/a>.  But how did conservative American Christians become invested in such a fine point of Middle East policy as whether the U.S. Embassy is in Tel Aviv or Jerusalem?<\/p>\n<p>For many of President Trump\u2019s evangelical supporters this is a key step in the progression of events leading to the second coming of Jesus. There\u2019s an interesting story as to how that came to be.<\/p>\n<h2>Ushering in the kingdom of God<\/h2>\n<p>The nation of Israel and the role of the city of Jerusalem are central in the \u201cend-times\u201d theology \u2013 a form of what is known as <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about2%20\/Living_in_the_Shadow_of_the_Second_Comin.html?id=BV-RKAAACAAJ\">\u201cpre-millennialism\u201d<\/a> \u2013 embraced by many American conservative Protestants. \u200b<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/198214\/original\/file-20171207-11280-1r8vajm.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"><figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Evangelical Christians from various countries wave flags as they  show their support for Israel in Jerusalem in a march held in October 2015.<\/span><br \/>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">AP Photo\/Sebastian Scheiner, File)<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>While this theology is often thought of as a \u201cliteral\u201d reading of the Bible, it\u2019s actually a reasonably new interpretation that dates to the 19th century and relates to the work of Bible teacher John Nelson Darby.<\/p>\n<p>According to Darby, for this to happen the Jewish people must have control of Jerusalem and build a third Jewish temple on the site where the first and second temples \u2013 destroyed centuries ago by the Babylonians and Romans \u2013 once were. In Darby\u2019s view this was a necessary <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about2%20\/Living_in_the_Shadow_of_the_Second_Comin.html?id=BV-RKAAACAAJ\">precursor to<\/a> the rapture, when believers would be \u201ctaken up\u201d by Christ to escape the worst of the seven-year-period of suffering and turmoil on Earth: the Great Tribulation. This is to be followed by the cosmic battle between good and evil called <a href=\"https:\/\/bible.org\/seriespage\/13-armageddon-and-second-coming-christ\">Armageddon<\/a> at which Satan will be defeated and Christ will establish his earthly kingdom. All of this became eminently more possible when the modern state of Israel was established in the 1940s.<\/p>\n<p>But to understand the power of this way of looking at the world, it is necessary to do more than point to theological tenets. It is their dissemination through culture that determines which thought systems take hold and which ones are lost to history.<\/p>\n<p>As author of <a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/building-gods-kingdom-9780199913787?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;\">\u201cBuilding God\u2019s Kingdom<\/a>,\u201d I focus on various aspects of conservative American Protestantism in American culture and politics. In my research I have seen how some thought systems get lost in history and others take hold. <\/p>\n<p>Here is what happened with the end-time narrative that made it a core undercurrent to how these Christians look at the world and history. <\/p>\n<h2>The origins of this narrative<\/h2>\n<p>The end-times framework was popularized in the 1970s with an inexpensive and widely available paperback by evangelist and Christian writer Hal Lindsey called \u201cThe Late Great Planet Earth.\u201d Lindsey argued that the establishment of the state of Israel in the 1940s set up a chain of events that would lead to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.zondervan.com\/the-late-great-planet-earth\">Jesus\u2019s return<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-right \">\n            <img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/198216\/original\/file-20171207-11282-1u7gyuh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip\"><figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\"><\/span><br \/>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/waitingfortheword\/5732613867\">Waiting For The Word<\/a>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>He calculated a date for that return in the 1980s. Lindsey, like many end-times prognosticators before him, argued that he lived in the \u201cfirst time in history\u201d when the biblical prophecies could possibly be fulfilled. This, he thought, was due in large part to the reestablishment of Israel.<\/p>\n<p>Despite his claim to be reading the Bible literally, Lindsey\u2019s interpretation was far from literal. He said, for example, that the locusts predicted in the one of the plagues in the book of Revelation were \u201creally\u201d helicopters. <\/p>\n<p>As adults were reading Lindsey\u2019s book, a generation of young people watched an \u201cevangelistic\u201d film, \u201cA Thief in the Night,\u201d in church services and youth group meetings. <\/p>\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8RrXf0zGjxQ?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Beginning with an ominous ticking clock, the film begins at the rapture. It shows how all the faithful Christians  suddenly disappeared. For those who remained, there was one more chance to accept the Gospel but that chance required living through extreme persecution. <\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/religionandpolitics.org\/2012\/11\/09\/the-end-is-always-with-us-the-40th-anniversary-of-a-thief-in-the-night\/\">film scared young people<\/a> into conversion by depicting the experiences of these young Christians who were suffering because they had arrogantly dismissed warnings from their friends, families and churches to repent and had missed the rapture.<\/p>\n<p>According to scholar Amy Frykholm, an estimated <a href=\"http:\/\/religionandpolitics.org\/2012\/11\/09\/the-end-is-always-with-us-the-40th-anniversary-of-a-thief-in-the-night\/\">50 million to 300 million people<\/a> viewed \u201cA Thief in the Night.\u201d <\/p>\n<h2>The end-times and the culture wars<\/h2>\n<p>The use of popular media to spread a terrifying vision of the end of history to draw young people into repentance continued in the 1980s with the apocalyptic novels of Frank Peretti. The Peretti novels depicted a vibrant and active spiritual world in which cosmic forces of good and evil were vying for supremacy all around us.<\/p>\n<p>As the book presented it, every person is obliged to play a part for one side or the other in very literal ways. This applies to all people: \u201cTrue Christians\u201d were meant to fight on God\u2019s side, and the rest on the side of Satan. The first of these was called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tyndale.com\/search?q=this+present+darkness&amp;f=\">\u201cThis Present Darkness<\/a>.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Though clearly recognized as fictional, these books were also perceived as \u201creal.\u201d For example, while the seat of the diabolical scheming was the fictional local college and the chief antagonist was a fictional professor, it wasn\u2019t lost on readers that they were to perceive colleges and professors as likely enemies. <\/p>\n<p>The depiction of literal \u201cgood guys\u201d and \u201cbad guys\u201d as regular people aligned with God and Satan, respectively, played into the increasingly divisive culture war battles of the time. These books were powerful and effective until a decade later when they were replaced in popular Christian culture by the \u201cLeft Behind\u201d series, co-authored by <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/Skipping_Towards_Armageddon.html?id=bYdJXHpKsxQC\">culture warrior Tim LaHaye<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>These 16 books and four films, released over the course of a decade, also trace the lives of the latecoming believers who had missed the rapture and were now part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/nyupress.org\/books\/9780814740057\/\">\u201cTribulation Force,\u201d<\/a> as they endured the post rapture world and sought to remain faithful despite persecution. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/act-four\/wp\/2016\/07\/13\/the-left-behind-series-was-just-the-latest-way-america-prepared-for-the-rapture\/?utm_term=.9428931059b9\">The series\u2019 successes<\/a> included a New York Times best-seller, while seven others set sales records. The entire series sold more than <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/act-four\/wp\/2016\/07\/13\/the-left-behind-series-was-just-the-latest-way-america-prepared-for-the-rapture\/?utm_term=.9428931059b9\">65 million copies.<\/a><\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/198220\/original\/file-20171207-11299-1cfe6at.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"><figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\"><\/span><br \/>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/natashapadgitt\/24908467308\/in\/photolist-DX5pwU-DX5fhw-UdyfE9-nRaxBA-npoe24-DX5jyN-22ec12H-WLsBLm-SAg9Vz-neAiGd-4mnEwL-paVVmE-2Mngim-fLhouW-Tw7oi9-iPhHKt-VTnEr9-9fBti9-TQ3wk4-nburpP-YDsagX-4dJW78-phxbeH-cbxTFu-aY2v26-SRwJzm-5Y5sMe-fVMZqz-9fDfvv-W8wcKA-pwsV7W-h475g3-2NWGwp-fKZMXD-p931tM-Pdc2v-225YdBg-57R3KD-nhgNpc-2NWGRR-wvgJC-WrtoQZ-XhwXuV-Tf5eJh-W6T3jE-a5HgXn-CTJ5ew-aY2uV4-DX5mcC-i5aAq\">Natasha Padgitt<\/a>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>It\u2019s impossible to overemphasize the effects of this framework on those within the circles of evangelicalism where it is popular. A growing number of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/nov\/03\/evangelical-christians-religion-politics-trump\">young people who have left evangelicalism<\/a> point to end-times theology as a key component of the subculture they left.  They call themselves \u201cexvangelicals\u201d and <a href=\"https:\/\/chrisstroop.com\/2017\/09\/23\/whos-afraid-of-the-rapture-some-thoughts-on-conservative-christian-apocalypticism-and-its-consequences\/\">label teachings like this as abusive<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s hard to get away from the invocation of mythic narratives in American politics. They get used often and are invented and reinvented to be deployed at different times in history. While supporters and opponents of the Trump announcement <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2017\/12\/06\/politics\/american-evangelicals-jerusalem\/index.html\">agree<\/a> that the results might be cataclysmic, some of the supporters are happy. That is because they are reading it through a lens that promises the return of Jesus and the establishment of God\u2019s kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/88775\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><em>Editor\u2019s note: in a previous version of this article the date of President Trump\u2019s announcement about moving the US embassy to Jerusalem was incorrect. It has been corrected to Dec. 6.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/julie-ingersoll-428489\">Julie Ingersoll<\/a>, Professor of Religious Studies, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-north-florida-1627\">University of North Florida<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This article was originally published on <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a>. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-trumps-evangelical-supporters-welcome-his-move-on-jerusalem-88775\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Julie Ingersoll, University of North Florida President Trump\u2019s announcement on Wednesday, Dec. 6 that the U.S. would recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel received widespread criticism. Observers quickly recognized the decision as related not so much to national security concerns as to domestic U.S. politics and promises candidate Trump made to his evangelical supporters, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":10867,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2450],"tags":[991,3781,3782,2849,2639,479,2066,3666,3669,1237,3667,1658,3553],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10866"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10866"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10866\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10868,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10866\/revisions\/10868"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}