{"id":14682,"date":"2018-12-19T03:40:47","date_gmt":"2018-12-19T03:40:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=14682"},"modified":"2018-12-20T03:45:44","modified_gmt":"2018-12-20T03:45:44","slug":"the-humble-origins-of-silent-night","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/the-humble-origins-of-silent-night\/","title":{"rendered":"The humble origins of ‘Silent Night’"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sarah Eyerly<\/a>, Florida State University<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

One of the world\u2019s most famous Christmas carols, \u201cSilent Night,\u201d celebrates its 200th anniversary this year. <\/p>\n

Over the centuries, hundreds of Christmas carols have been composed. Many fall quickly into obscurity.<\/p>\n

Not \u201cSilent Night.\u201d<\/p>\n

Translated into at least 300 languages<\/a>, designated by UNESCO as a treasured item of Intangible Cultural Heritage, and arranged in dozens of different musical styles, from heavy metal<\/a> to gospel<\/a>, \u201cSilent Night\u201d has become a perennial part of the Christmas soundscape.<\/p>\n

Its origins \u2013 in a small Alpine town in the Austrian countryside \u2013 were far humbler.<\/p>\n

As a musicologist who studies historical traditions of song<\/a>, the story of \u201cSilent Night\u201d and its meteoric rise to worldwide fame has always fascinated me.<\/p>\n

Fallout from war and famine<\/h2>\n

The song\u2019s lyrics were originally written in German just after the end of the Napoleonic Wars<\/a> by a young Austrian priest named Joseph Mohr<\/a>. <\/p>\n

In the fall of 1816, Mohr\u2019s congregation in the town of Mariapfarr was reeling. Twelve years of war had decimated the country\u2019s political and social infrastructure. Meanwhile, the previous year \u2013 one historians would later dub \u201cThe Year Without a Summer<\/a>\u201d \u2013 had been catastrophically cold. <\/p>\n

The eruption of Indonesia\u2019s Mount Tambora<\/a> in 1815 had caused widespread climate change throughout Europe. Volcanic ash in the atmosphere caused almost continuous storms \u2013 even snow \u2013 in the midst of summer. Crops failed and there was widespread famine.<\/p>\n

Mohr\u2019s congregation was poverty-stricken, hungry and traumatized. So he crafted a set of six poetic verses to convey hope that there was still a God who cared.<\/p>\n

\u201cSilent night,\u201d the German version states<\/a>, \u201ctoday all the power of fatherly love is poured out, and Jesus as brother embraces the peoples of the world.\u201d <\/p>\n

A fruitful collaboration<\/h2>\n

Mohr, a gifted violinist and guitarist, could have probably composed the music for his poem. But instead, he sought help from a friend.<\/p>\n

In 1817, Mohr transferred to the parish of St. Nicholas in the town of Oberndorf, just south of Salzburg. There, he asked his friend Franz Xaver Gruber<\/a>, a local schoolteacher and organist, to write the music for the six verses. <\/p>\n

On Christmas Eve, 1818, the two friends sang \u201cSilent Night\u201d together for the first time in front of Mohr\u2019s congregation, with Mohr playing his guitar<\/a>. <\/p>\n

The song was apparently well-received by Mohr\u2019s parishioners, most of whom worked as boat-builders and shippers in the salt trade that was central to the economy of the region.<\/p>\n

\n \"\"
\n A view of the city of Salzburg and the river Salzach.<\/span>
\n Uwe Schwarzbach\/flickr<\/a>, CC BY-NC-SA<\/a><\/span>
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The melody and harmonization of \u201cSilent Night\u201d is actually based on an Italian musical style called the \u201csiciliana<\/a>\u201d that mimics the sound of water and rolling waves: two large rhythmic beats, split into three parts each. <\/p>\n

In this way, Gruber\u2019s music reflected the daily soundscape of Mohr\u2019s congregation, who lived and worked along the Salzach River.<\/p>\n

\u2018Silent Night\u2019 goes global<\/h2>\n

But in order to become a worldwide phenomenon, \u201cSilent Night\u201d would need to resonate far beyond Oberndorf. <\/p>\n

According to a document written by Gruber in 1854<\/a>, the song first became popular in the nearby Zillertal valley. From there, two traveling families of folk singers, the Strassers and the Rainers, included the tune in their shows. The song then became popular across Europe, and eventually in America, where the Rainers sang it on Wall Street in 1839<\/a>. <\/p>\n

At the same time, German-speaking missionaries spread the song from Tibet to Alaska and translated it into local languages. By the mid-19th century, \u201cSilent Night\u201d had even made its way to subarctic Inuit communities along the Labrador coast, where it was translated into Inuktitut as \u201cUnuak Opinak<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

The lyrics of \u201cSilent Night\u201d have always carried an important message for Christmas Eve observances in churches around the world. But the song\u2019s lilting melody and peaceful lyrics also reminds us of a universal sense of grace that transcends Christianity and unites people across cultures and faiths.<\/p>\n

Perhaps at no time in the song\u2019s history was this message more important than during the Christmas Truce of 1914<\/a>, when, at the height of World War I, German and British soldiers on the front lines in Flanders laid down their weapons on Christmas Eve and together sang \u201cSilent Night.\u201d<\/p>\n

The song\u2019s fundamental message of peace, even in the midst of suffering, has bridged cultures and generations. Great songs do this. They speak of hope in hard times and of beauty that arises from pain; they offer comfort and solace; and they are inherently human and infinitely adaptable.<\/p>\n

So, happy anniversary, \u201cSilent Night.\u201d May your message continue to resonate across future generations.\"The<\/p>\n

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