{"id":15529,"date":"2019-02-27T02:20:48","date_gmt":"2019-02-27T02:20:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=15529"},"modified":"2019-03-01T23:20:58","modified_gmt":"2019-03-01T23:20:58","slug":"cultured-meat-seems-gross-its-much-better-than-animal-agriculture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/cultured-meat-seems-gross-its-much-better-than-animal-agriculture\/","title":{"rendered":"Cultured meat seems gross? It&#8217;s much better than animal agriculture"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/matti-wilks-335493\">Matti Wilks<\/a>, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/yale-university-1326\">Yale University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>The world is in the grips of a food-tech revolution. One of the most compelling new developments is cultured meat, also known as clean, cell-based or slaughter-free meat. It\u2019s grown from stem cells taken from a live animal without the need for slaughter.<\/p>\n<p>Proponents hail cultured meat as the long-awaited <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es200130u\">solution to the factory farming problem<\/a>. If commercialized successfully, it could solve many of the environmental, animal welfare and public health issues of animal agriculture while giving consumers exactly what they\u2019re used to eating.<\/p>\n<p>Despite this, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/would-you-eat-meat-from-a-lab-consumers-arent-necessarily-sold-on-cultured-meat-100933\">the public is<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meatsci.2018.04.008\">uncertain about cultured meat<\/a>. Scientists and high-profile supporters, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/03\/23\/bill-gates-and-richard-branson-bet-on-lab-grown-meat-startup.html\">including investors<\/a> like Bill Gates and Richard Branson, are pushing for broader adoption, but it\u2019s difficult to sell the public on new food technology \u2013 case in point, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sentienceinstitute.org\/gm-foods\">genetically modified food<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"A6BEA\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" style=\"border: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/A6BEA\/2\/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400px\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=SWkOeHoAAAAJ&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=ao\">As a moral psychologist<\/a>, my research explores people\u2019s perceptions of cultured meat, both the good and the bad. Below I discuss some of the top reasons people say they don\u2019t want to eat cultured meat, compiled from <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meatsci.2018.04.008\">opinion surveys<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meatsci.2014.11.013\">focus groups<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980015000622\">online comments<\/a>. But I\u2019m optimistic that champions of this new technology can alleviate the public\u2019s concerns, making a convincing case for consumers to embrace cultured meat.<\/p>\n<h2>\u2018Cultured meat is not necessary\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>While there is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/animals-farmed\/2018\/feb\/21\/animals-farmed-welcome-series-farming-agriculture-environment\">increasing awareness<\/a> of the downsides of factory farming, this knowledge has still not spread to all meat consumers, or at least is not reflected in their purchasing behavior. Factory farming supports what many consider cruel and restrictive practices where animals raised in such farms are subjected to extreme suffering, and estimates suggest that <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1iUpRFOPmAE5IO4hO4PyS4MP_kHzkuM_-soqAyVNQcJc\/edit\">over 99 percent<\/a> of U.S. farmed animals live on factory farms.<\/p>\n<p>Animal agriculture <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0141-0229(01)00504-X\">is also inefficient<\/a>. Growing and feeding an entire animal for only part of its body is inevitably less efficient than growing just the parts that you want to eat.<\/p>\n<p>Factory farming <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/ag\/againfo\/resources\/en\/publications\/tackling_climate_change\/index.htm\">degrades the environment<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0269-7491(02)00115-X\">contaminates local land and water<\/a>, in addition to emitting around <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/ag\/againfo\/resources\/en\/publications\/tackling_climate_change\/index.htm\">14.5 percent of human-induced greenhouse gas emissions<\/a> worldwide.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302870\">use of antibiotics<\/a> in farming leads to antibiotic resistance, which could have <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807030490281016\">devastating consequences for human health<\/a> globally. In 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration reported that over 70 percent of medically important drugs were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/forindustry\/userfees\/animaldruguserfeeactadufa\/ucm588085.pdf\">sold for use in animal agriculture<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Some people who believe farmed meat is problematic would prefer a plant-based food system. Despite recent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/lifeandstyle\/2018\/apr\/01\/vegans-are-coming-millennials-health-climate-change-animal-welfare\">hype around veganism<\/a>, the number of people who don\u2019t eat animal products remains extremely low. Only <a href=\"https:\/\/animalcharityevaluators.org\/blog\/is-the-percentage-of-vegetarians-and-vegans-in-the-u-s-increasing\/\">2 to 6 percent of Americans<\/a> identify as vegetarian or vegan. And only around 1 percent of adults identify as vegetarian and report never eating meat. This figure shows little change since the mid-1990s, despite the ongoing activism of the animal rights and environmental movements.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019d argue that the plant-based solution to factory farming is not a feasible outcome for the foreseeable future. Cultured meat might be. Individuals can still choose to eat a plant-based diet. But for those who are unwilling to give up meat, they can have their steak and eat it too.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261131\/original\/file-20190226-150694-1j3pdfg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261131\/original\/file-20190226-150694-1j3pdfg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261131\/original\/file-20190226-150694-1j3pdfg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=421&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261131\/original\/file-20190226-150694-1j3pdfg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=421&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261131\/original\/file-20190226-150694-1j3pdfg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=421&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261131\/original\/file-20190226-150694-1j3pdfg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=529&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261131\/original\/file-20190226-150694-1j3pdfg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=529&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261131\/original\/file-20190226-150694-1j3pdfg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=529&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Farm animals won\u2019t be turned loose to fend for themselves.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"http:\/\/www.apimages.com\/metadata\/Index\/Poland-Runaway-Cow\/0c47b3576a594c298635b5ccb73750bd\/2\/0\">AP Photo\/Maciej Zych<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u2018I\u2019m worried about the animals and farmers\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Some people express concern about the fate of chickens and cows, imagining them abandoned to die or released into the wild.<\/p>\n<p>The time frame for cultured meat renders this consideration moot. Even by optimistic estimates, large-scale production is <a href=\"http:\/\/cleanmeat.org\/#what\">likely still<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.new-harvest.org\/faq#\/when_will_cultured_foods_be_commercially_available\">several years away<\/a>. As new processes are adopted, the demand for farm animals will slowly decrease. Fewer animals will be bred, thus the animals at the center of these concerns will never exist.<\/p>\n<p>Many people are also concerned about the negative impact a transition to cultured meat may have on farmers. But this new technology is far from the only threat farmers already face as the industry becomes ever more centralized. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonandschuster.com\/books\/The-Meat-Racket\/Christopher-Leonard\/9781451645835\">Eighty-five percent of beef<\/a> in the U.S. comes from just four main producers.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, cultured meat provides <a href=\"https:\/\/agfundernews.com\/what-do-farmers-think-about-cultured-meat.html\">a new industry<\/a>, with opportunities to grow and process products for use in cellular agriculture. The meat industry can learn a lesson from how taxis lost out to Uber and Lyft; they must adapt to new technologies to survive and thrive. And the industry is already taking steps in this direction \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tysonfoods.com\/\">Tyson Foods<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cargill.com\/meat-poultry\/cargill-meat-solutions\">Cargill Meat Solutions<\/a>, two of the biggest meat producers in the U.S., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2018-01-29\/tyson-joins-bill-gates-cargill-to-invest-in-lab-meat-producer\">have made investments<\/a> in this new future.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261132\/original\/file-20190226-150724-1y7uidv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261132\/original\/file-20190226-150724-1y7uidv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261132\/original\/file-20190226-150724-1y7uidv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=391&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261132\/original\/file-20190226-150724-1y7uidv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=391&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261132\/original\/file-20190226-150724-1y7uidv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=391&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261132\/original\/file-20190226-150724-1y7uidv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=491&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261132\/original\/file-20190226-150724-1y7uidv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=491&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261132\/original\/file-20190226-150724-1y7uidv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=491&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Cultural norms have a lot to do with whether dog, pig or cultured meat is a delicacy or disgusting.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"http:\/\/www.apimages.com\/metadata\/Index\/North-Korea-Dog-Days\/5eec5c55956e48d89d6069f05da43003\/1\/0\">AP Photo\/Dita Alangkara<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u2018Cultured meat is disgusting\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Disgust is a common reaction to cultured meat. It\u2019s difficult to rebut, as it is not an argument per se \u2013 disgust is in the eye of the beholder.<\/p>\n<p>However, disgust is often not a good guide for rational decision-making. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/science\/archive\/2018\/09\/why-we-only-eat-certain-animals\/571255\/\">Cultural differences in meat consumption<\/a> illustrate this point. Typically, Westerners are happy to eat pigs and cows, but consider <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/newsbeat\/article\/33223450\/why-the-uk-doesnt-eat-dog-meat-but-people-in-china-do\">eating dogs<\/a> disgusting. But <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/newsbeat\/article\/39577557\/the-countries-where-people-still-eat-cats-and-dogs-for-dinner\">dog meat is consumed<\/a> in some Asian cultures.<\/p>\n<p>So what is disgusting appears to be somewhat determined by what is normal and accepted in your community. With time, and exposure to cultured meat, it\u2019s possible that these feelings of disgust will disappear.<\/p>\n<h2>\u2018Cultured meat is unnatural\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Perhaps the loudest opposition to cultured meat is that it\u2019s unnatural. This argument relies on the premise that natural things are better than unnatural things.<\/p>\n<p>While this outlook is reflected in recent consumer preferences, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.logicallyfallacious.com\/tools\/lp\/Bo\/LogicalFallacies\/36\/Appeal-to-Nature\">argument is fallacious<\/a>. Some natural things are good. However, there are many things that are unnatural that are fundamental to our society: glasses, motorized transport, the internet. Why single out cultured meat?<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-right zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261135\/original\/file-20190226-150694-pvzlf8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261135\/original\/file-20190226-150694-pvzlf8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261135\/original\/file-20190226-150694-pvzlf8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=542&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261135\/original\/file-20190226-150694-pvzlf8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=542&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261135\/original\/file-20190226-150694-pvzlf8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=542&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261135\/original\/file-20190226-150694-pvzlf8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=681&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261135\/original\/file-20190226-150694-pvzlf8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=681&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261135\/original\/file-20190226-150694-pvzlf8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=681&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">A preference for natural foods might be a proxy for things that do matter.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-vector\/natural-ingredients-stamp-230917213\">Arcady\/Shutterstock.com<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Perhaps the argument is only applicable to food \u2013 natural food is better. But \u201cnatural\u201d food is a myth; almost all the food you buy is <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/all-our-food-is-genetically-modified-in-some-way-where-do-you-draw-the-line-56256\">modified in some way<\/a>. Moreover, I\u2019d argue the overuse of antibiotics in conventional meat and other practices of modern animal agriculture \u2013 including the selective breeding used to produce modern farmed animals \u2013 throws it into the same unnatural category.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, naturalness can be a proxy for things that really do matter in food: safety, sustainability, animal welfare. But cultured meat <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beaconbroadside.com\/broadside\/2018\/11\/cultured-meat-is-natural-in-all-the-ways-that-matter.html\">fares far better<\/a> than conventional meat on those metrics. If we dismiss cultured meat on the grounds of being unnatural then, to be consistent, we must also dismiss a vast number of other products that make modern lives better and easier.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s early days, but a number of companies are working to bring cultured meat to the table. As consumers, we have both the right and obligation to be informed about which products we choose to eat. Yes, we should be cautious with any new technology. But in my opinion, the objections to cultured meat can\u2019t hold a candle to the potential benefits for humans, animals and the planet.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/109706\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/matti-wilks-335493\">Matti Wilks<\/a>, Postdoctoral Research Associate in Psychology, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/yale-university-1326\">Yale University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/cultured-meat-seems-gross-its-much-better-than-animal-agriculture-109706\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Matti Wilks, Yale University The world is in the grips of a food-tech revolution. One of the most compelling new developments is cultured meat, also known as clean, cell-based or slaughter-free meat. It\u2019s grown from stem cells taken from a live animal without the need for slaughter. Proponents hail cultured meat as the long-awaited solution [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":15525,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3410],"tags":[1902,5950,5948,5949,5020,5944,582,5947,5022,585,5946,5945,1964],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15529"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15529"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15529\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15542,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15529\/revisions\/15542"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15525"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}