{"id":1735,"date":"2014-10-21T19:45:12","date_gmt":"2014-10-21T19:45:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=1735"},"modified":"2014-10-21T19:45:12","modified_gmt":"2014-10-21T19:45:12","slug":"airport-screening-isnt-about-stopping-ebola-its-about-controlling-borders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/airport-screening-isnt-about-stopping-ebola-its-about-controlling-borders\/","title":{"rendered":"Airport screening isn’t about stopping Ebola \u2013 it’s about controlling borders"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Philip Alcabes<\/a>, Adelphi University <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

In 1728, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI ordered that a 1,200-mile fortified chain of guard posts along the entire eastern boundary of his lands be made into a permanent Pestkordon<\/em>. Travelers and their goods could be inspected and detained there, and quarantined when desired.<\/p>\n

Ostensibly, this was to prevent plague from entering his empire from the lands of the Turks and Slavs to the east. But plague had already left western Europe before the cordon was built. Charles knew that border checks serve economic and political purposes far more effectively than they prevent disease.<\/p>\n

In the face of today\u2019s Ebola outbreak, the clamor for travel bans, airport screening and border closings is a reminder that sanitary cordons continue to appeal \u2013 and for the same reason: fear of disease is easily exploited to achieve political ends.<\/p>\n

On October 8, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced<\/a> enhanced screening for Ebola at five US airports where a high volume of passengers from West Africa land, beginning with JFK<\/a>. Six Canadian airports will begin \u201ctargeted temperature screening\u201d, the Public Health Agency of Canada said<\/a>, as will Heathrow and Gatwick airports in England<\/a>. All of that is in addition to the screening measures already implemented at the airports in West Africa, where the outbreak is centered. As of October 13, some say that\u2019s not enough and want to ban flights<\/a> from the African outbreak zone.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Sanitary cordons and quarantines can make it harder for aid to reach those who need it.<\/span>
\n Joshua Roberts\/Reuters<\/a><\/span>
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Two aspects of this new Pestkordon<\/em> are troubling.<\/p>\n

First, there\u2019s the striking contrast between the modern world we claim to live in and the world we make when we are in the throes of plague hysteria. We laugh at the notion of borders when it comes to Facebook and rue the government of China for enforcing them when it comes to internet availability for its citizens. But when faced with danger \u2013 or, more to the point, when a minor threat evokes fear \u2013 we want to shut the borders.<\/p>\n

Second, shutting borders or establishing sanitary cordons is worrisome because it is antiquated thinking. Germs have always been travelers. Witness cholera, AIDS, SARS, the 2009 H1N1 flu or just each winter\u2019s garden-variety flu. They are all transoceanic. That germs can now travel faster than ever makes them just like everything else in the world.<\/p>\n

Successful sanitary cordons were usually defenses that shut disease into<\/em> a community, not out. The English village of Eyam was said to have kept the Great Plague of 1665 from spreading to other parts of Derbyshire, for instance, by shutting itself off once some village residents fell sick. In 1900, San Francisco was partially successful<\/a> at corralling plague inside its Chinatown for some weeks.<\/p>\n

But cordons more often appear to work only because the danger is over – as with Charles VI\u2019s border. They may be of limited effectiveness locally. In the bigger picture, they may be closing the barn door after the horse has bolted, as with this August\u2019s cordon<\/a> in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Sanitary cordons are constructed along political boundaries instead of the more pertinent geography of a virus\u2019s spread. And, as CDC official Martin Cetron has asserted<\/a>, travel is a \u201chumanitarian bridge\u201d to move personnel and supplies to affected areas.<\/p>\n

The new Pestkordon<\/em> won\u2019t be effective. SARS taught us that back in 2003 when at least 35 million travelers<\/a> or would-be passengers were screened with temperature sensors, but not one case of SARS<\/a> was detected. Fever is too common and SARS was too rare, especially among people fit enough to travel. The costs, both monetarily and in terms of restricting the movement of necessary aid or supplies, can be great. Screening for a virus can play up to the old atavisms about foreignness and danger, and \u2013 in the case of Ebola \u2013 race.<\/p>\n

\"\"
People line up at an immigration booth next to a sign explaining the symptoms of Ebola at a bus terminal in Ciudad Juarez.<\/span>
\n Jose Luis Gonzalez\/Reuters<\/span><\/span>
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

The world has also changed. The majority of the global population lives in cities, meaning some three billion human beings are within about 24 hours\u2019 travel of most of the world\u2019s other human beings. Goods are constantly in transit from one country to another. In today\u2019s world, borders are permeable and the conceptual space they circumscribe \u2013 \u201cthe West\u201d or \u201cour homeland\u201d is at best fluid.<\/p>\n

That border control is often about something other than protecting the public is perfectly evident in what CNN is calling the \u201cEbolification of immigration reform<\/a>\u201d. Republican senatorial candidate Scott Brown and Senator Rand Paul are citing Ebola as a reason to close the US border \u2013 with Mexico. These men know quite well that a West African virus isn\u2019t going to be common among Central Americans. Still, they can look for votes by demanding border closing. Painting the US as vulnerable and claiming that dark-skinned people are bringing us their germs remains, it seems, a popular move. Indeed, in the past few days we\u2019ve seen both Democrats and Republicans use the \u201cgetting tough on Ebola\u201d strategy<\/a>, presumably as a way to win votes.<\/p>\n

The Ebola outbreak will end, although there will likely be more cases in the US and many, many more in West Africa before it does. The West needs to help affected countries contain the epidemic and treat the infected. But, the wealthy world also needs to maintain funding and enthusiasm for undramatic but indispensable measures, like contact tracing<\/a>, that can halt the spread of an outbreak in its early days. Long-term solutions, like establishing permanent public health infrastructure and programming to deal with illness as it arises, are also critical.<\/p>\n

The question is whether we can summon the resolve to create and implement sound public health measures both at home and in Africa so as to limit the outbreak\u2019s effects \u2013 or if Ebola\u2019s victims are going to be turned into straw men serving the aims of those who capitalize on Americans\u2019 fears.<\/p>\n

\"The<\/p>\n

Philip Alcabes does not work for, consult to, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has no relevant affiliations.<\/em><\/p>\n

This article was originally published on The Conversation<\/a>.
\n Read the original article<\/a>.\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Philip Alcabes, Adelphi University In 1728, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI ordered that a 1,200-mile fortified chain of guard posts along the entire eastern boundary of his lands be made into a permanent Pestkordon. Travelers and their goods could be inspected and detained there, and quarantined when desired. Ostensibly, this was to prevent […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":1736,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[42,36,38],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1735"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/39"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1735"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1735\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1737,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1735\/revisions\/1737"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1736"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1735"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1735"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1735"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}