{"id":18030,"date":"2019-09-25T00:13:47","date_gmt":"2019-09-25T00:13:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=18030"},"modified":"2019-09-26T19:27:06","modified_gmt":"2019-09-26T19:27:06","slug":"what-amazon-walmart-employees-risk-when-they-use-the-workplace-for-activism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/what-amazon-walmart-employees-risk-when-they-use-the-workplace-for-activism\/","title":{"rendered":"What Amazon, Walmart employees risk when they use the workplace for activism"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/elizabeth-c-tippett-305207\">Elizabeth C. Tippett<\/a>, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-oregon-811\">University of Oregon<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>It has somehow become sort of normal to use the workplace to protest social issues unrelated to the job itself. This was something almost unheard of even five years ago.<\/p>\n<p>The latest example came on Sept. 20 as more than 1,000 Amazon employees <a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2019\/09\/20\/tech\/amazon-climate-strike-global-tech\/index.html\">staged a walkout<\/a> over the retailer\u2019s \u201cinaction\u201d on climate change. In recent months, there has also been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlbt.com\/2019\/08\/08\/few-walmart-employees-heed-call-walkout-over-gun-sales\/\">unrest<\/a> among Walmart employees over gun sales and protests by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/04\/technology\/google-letter-ceo-pentagon-project.html\">Google<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/gizmodo.com\/employees-protest-microsoft-bid-for-huge-military-contr-1829740921\">Microsoft<\/a> workers over military use of their software. And of course, there\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/02\/15\/sports\/nfl-colin-kaepernick-protests-timeline.html\">Colin Kaepernick<\/a> and other professional athletes who used the field \u2013 a football player\u2019s office \u2013 to protest racialized police violence.<\/p>\n<p>The workplace used to be the very last place you would want to bring attention to social issues, however important. That\u2019s because the office or factory isn\u2019t a democracy where activism is protected. To a <a href=\"https:\/\/law.uoregon.edu\/explore\/elizabeth-tippett\">workplace scholar<\/a> like me, what\u2019s really interesting is how employees are increasingly willing to undertake this risky form of protest \u2013 and how employers are adapting.<\/p>\n<h2>The risks of workplace activism<\/h2>\n<p>As a legal matter, there is a big difference between marching in the street \u2013 for example, as part of a climate protest \u2013 and walking off the job as part of that same protest.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s say you have the day off, and you decide to join a march through the streets. The government can\u2019t just arrest you or banish you to another country. Your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/law\/help\/peaceful-assembly\/us.php\">activism is protected<\/a> under the First Amendment.<\/p>\n<p>Those rights fall away the minute you cross the threshold into your job. Unless the government\u2019s your boss, you stop being a citizen and become a worker subject to your employer\u2019s rule. There, you live in something of a \u201cdictatorship, in which bosses govern in ways that are largely unaccountable to those who are governed,\u201d as philosopher Elizabeth Anderson <a href=\"https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/titles\/10938.html\">puts it<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CE7k4LwBBfI?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Philosopher Elizabeth Anderson explains why the workplace is like a dictatorship.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>You may think calling the office a dictatorship is an exaggeration, but in reality it\u2019s not. Like a real dictatorship, you can be exiled at any moment for virtually any infraction. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/union2.nr0.htm\">vast majority<\/a> of workers in the United States are employed \u201cat-will,\u201d which literally means you can be terminated at any time, without notice, for any reason or no reason at all.<\/p>\n<p>As a lawyer, I have written countless \u201cat-will\u201d provisions into contracts, and it\u2019s not even strictly necessary. Courts will presume that you are \u201cat-will\u201d unless you <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_case?case=9927157615128210379&amp;q=employment-at-will&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=2006\">present<\/a> a mountain of evidence showing the employer intended to offer real job security.<\/p>\n<p>If companies can fire you for any reason, that reason might include stirring the pot. And employers tend to respond to social activism the way the \u201cSeinfeld\u201d character George Costanza reacted when his friend Elaine tried to invite his fiance to the opera: by freaking out.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEverybody knows,\u201d he shouts, \u201cthat you gotta keep the worlds apart!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Work is for work. Save your activism for evenings and weekends.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uPG3YMcSvzo?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">In \u2018Seinfeld,\u2019 Costanza panics when his social spheres converge, threatening his independence.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Weak workplace protections<\/h2>\n<p>Lawmakers and courts have long known that employers can abuse their power to fire workers. Over many decades, the law has developed to specify certain circumstances in which employers cannot retaliate against workers.<\/p>\n<p>But the key here is that those exceptions are limited, and the law generally lags several years \u2013 or sometimes decades \u2013 behind what is happening in the workplace.<\/p>\n<p>The law prohibits employers from firing workers where they are trying to advance or protect other key employment rights \u2013 like trying to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlrb.gov\/rights-we-protect\/whats-law\/employees\/i-am-not-represented-union\/your-rights-during-union-organizing\">organize a union<\/a> or filing a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/03\/08\/sports\/womens-soccer-team-lawsuit-gender-discrimination.html\">gender discrimination lawsuit<\/a>. Courts will also protect workers who really had no choice but to act against their employer\u2019s preferences \u2013 like when they are summoned for <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_case?case=13046597298312614812\">jury duty<\/a>, or when their boss asks them to engage in <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_case?case=6106113470135055631\">illegal conduct<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Even whistleblowers who unearth illegal conduct have to walk a tightrope if they want to keep their jobs. For example, the anonymous national security whistleblower who complained about Trump\u2019s alleged call with the Ukrainian president would have lost legal protection \u2013 and faced potential <a href=\"https:\/\/eu.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation\/2017\/05\/17\/chelsea-manning-prison-release\/101783186\/\">criminal prosecution<\/a> \u2013 if he or she went straight to the press. The whistleblower could <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1152&amp;context=lawfacpub\">maintain protection<\/a> only by complaining confidentially within authorized government channels.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HAAjZyJWsc0?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Law professor Richard Moberly discusses national security whistleblowers.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Activists out on a limb<\/h2>\n<p>Today\u2019s social activists don\u2019t really qualify as whistleblowers, though.<\/p>\n<p>Whistleblower protections are designed to protect those who disclose important information about misconduct to corporate heads or government authorities. Like a sports referee, true whistleblowers are pointing out a violation that others overlooked. Social activists in the workplace, by contrast, lend their voice to a known cause.<\/p>\n<p>In that sense, social activists are perhaps most closely analogous to employees who object to work assignments on religious grounds \u2013 a pharmacist who <a href=\"https:\/\/law.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/appellate-courts\/ca7\/06-2831\/06-2831-2007-05-02-nonprecedential-disposition-2011-02-25.html\">refuses to fill<\/a> prescriptions for religious reasons, for example. But those workers are on much firmer legal ground, because Title VII of the Civil Rights Act <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_case?case=10710673220333405680&amp;q=eeoc+v+abercrombie+%26+fitch+stores+inc&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=2006\">requires<\/a> employers to provide some accommodation for workers\u2019 religious beliefs.<\/p>\n<p>By contrast, employers can and do punish workers for activism they consider <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_case?case=750170895929306990\">too disruptive<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_case?case=9748700253424262526\">distracting<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s why Walmart <a href=\"https:\/\/gizmodo.com\/walmart-retaliates-against-worker-who-urged-walk-out-ov-1837012050\">apparently shut down<\/a> network access for the worker who called for the gun-related walkout. It\u2019s why Google issued a new policy, <a href=\"https:\/\/about.google\/community-guidelines\/\">essentially telling<\/a> workers to focus on their jobs; why <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/us-soccer-bans-kneeling-during-anthem-donald-trump-wants-nfl-671291\">U.S. Soccer<\/a> imposed a ban on kneeling during the national anthem; and why Colin Kaepernick still has <a href=\"https:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/yes-its-strange-that-colin-kaepernick-doesnt-have-a-deal-yet\/\">no contract<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps more surprising, though, is the ways in which companies have proved responsive to employee activism. Amazon let workers take <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/amazon-walkout-climate-change\/\">vacation time<\/a> to walk off the job and issued a <a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2019\/09\/19\/tech\/amazon-climate-pledge\/index.html\">carbon pledge<\/a>. Google declined to <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/artificial-intelligence\/2018\/06\/01\/google-announces-it-wont-renew-military-ai-contract\/\">renew<\/a> a contract providing artificial intelligence to the military. Even Walmart <a href=\"https:\/\/corporate.walmart.com\/newsroom\/2019\/09\/03\/mcmillon-to-associates-our-next-steps-in-response-to-the-tragedies-in-el-paso-and-southaven\">discontinued<\/a> some of its ammunition sales and is urging lawmakers to pass gun control legislation.<\/p>\n<p>In a competitive labor market, it\u2019s almost as if allowing employee protest has become a workplace perk of sorts, a special privilege companies selectively dispense for workers \u2013 software programmers in particular \u2013 who are hard to replace. Tellingly, far fewer store workers at Walmart walked off the job than salaried workers at Amazon\u2019s headquarters. They may have sensed that Walmart would call their bluff.<\/p>\n<p>But like all privileges dispensed by authoritarian rulers, the freedom to protest can be retracted at will. I would not expect it to survive the next downturn.<\/p>\n<p>[ <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us\/newsletters?utm_source=TCUS&amp;utm_medium=inline-link&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter-text&amp;utm_content=expertise\">Expertise in your inbox. Sign up for The Conversation\u2019s newsletter and get a digest of academic takes on today\u2019s news, every day.<\/a><\/em> ]<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/121920\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/elizabeth-c-tippett-305207\">Elizabeth C. Tippett<\/a>, Associate Professor, School of Law, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-oregon-811\">University of Oregon<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-amazon-walmart-employees-risk-when-they-use-the-workplace-for-activism-121920\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elizabeth C. Tippett, University of Oregon It has somehow become sort of normal to use the workplace to protest social issues unrelated to the job itself. This was something almost unheard of even five years ago. The latest example came on Sept. 20 as more than 1,000 Amazon employees staged a walkout over the retailer\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":18029,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5],"tags":[207,650,6980,3235,2254,619,275,6978,3019,5979,6979,6981,1753,2221,2220],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18030"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18030"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18030\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18037,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18030\/revisions\/18037"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18029"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18030"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18030"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18030"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}