{"id":18321,"date":"2019-10-21T01:18:22","date_gmt":"2019-10-21T01:18:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=18321"},"modified":"2019-10-23T07:13:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-23T07:13:11","slug":"your-political-views-can-predict-how-you-pronounce-certain-words","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/your-political-views-can-predict-how-you-pronounce-certain-words\/","title":{"rendered":"Your political views can predict how you pronounce certain words"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/zachary-jaggers-596582\">Zachary Jaggers<\/a>, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-oregon-811\">University of Oregon<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Politics can predict <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/liberals-and-conservatives-have-wildly-different-tv-viewing-habits-but-these-5-shows-bring-everyone-together-118898\">the TV shows we watch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/partisan-divide-creates-different-americas-separate-lives-122925\">the shops we frequent and the places we live<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But what about the way we speak?<\/p>\n<p>In a recent study, I was able to show how your political orientation can influence how you pronounce certain words.<\/p>\n<p>How members of America\u2019s two parties view the country \u2013 and its place in the world \u2013 might explain this phenomenon.<\/p>\n<h2>A tale of two presidents<\/h2>\n<p>You may have noticed President Donald Trump has a unique way of saying the names of foreign places.<\/p>\n<p>For example, he\u2019s pronounced \u201cTanzania\u201d as \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2016\/apr\/27\/donald-trump-tanzania-foreign-policy-speech\">tan-zay-nee-uh<\/a>,\u201d as opposed to \u201ctan-zuh-nee-uh,\u201d and \u201cNamibia\u201d as \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2017\/09\/21\/africa\/trump-nambia-un-africa-trnd\/index.html\">nam-bee-uh<\/a>\u201d instead of \u201cna-mih-bee-uh.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>At the other end of the spectrum, President Barack Obama was a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2009\/07\/obama-a-stickler-for-pronunciation-024466\">stickler<\/a>\u201d for saying foreign words in a way that more closely mimicked the pronunciation of native speakers. He was even thanked for it: Pakistanis <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2009\/07\/obama-a-stickler-for-pronunciation-024466\">reportedly expressed appreciation to the White House<\/a> for his pronunciation of \u201cPakistan\u201d as \u201cpock-ee-stahn,\u201d rather than using a pronunciation like \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/4-cIrJ_5Z0A?t=101\">pack-iss-stan<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/1b8BEkCKuxg\">My own research<\/a> has found that this pronunciation difference isn\u2019t relegated to presidents. Speakers who identify as Democrats are likelier to use these kinds of pronunciations of foreign words than those who identify as Republicans.<\/p>\n<h2>A speech pattern emerges<\/h2>\n<p>In my study, I had participants read random sentences out loud, some of which included the names of foreign places, and others that included English words borrowed from foreign languages.<\/p>\n<p>Then I asked them questions about their political identities, views and opinions. I compared their responses to these questions with their pronunciations.<\/p>\n<p>I found that, when compared with Republicans, Democrats are more likely to pronounce<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cIraq\u201d as \u201cear-rock,\u201d rather than \u201ceye-rack\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cChile\u201d as \u201cchee-lay,\u201d rather than \u201cchill-ee\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cMuslim\u201d as \u201cmoose-limb,\u201d rather than \u201cmuzz-lum\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cspiel\u201d as \u201cshpeel,\u201d rather than \u201cspeel\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cfoyer\u201d as \u201cfoy-ay,\u201d rather than \u201cfoy-er.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In each case, Democrats pronounced the words in ways that mimicked the way native speakers would say them. For example, pronouncing \u201cspiel\u201d \u2013 which comes from German \u2013 as \u201cshpeel\u201d more closely replicates how the word is said in Germany.<\/p>\n<p>Why does this happen and why does it matter?<\/p>\n<p>Today\u2019s Republicans and conservatives tend to align more strongly with <a href=\"https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/feature\/trump-vs-hillary-nationalism-vs-globalism-2016-16041\">an ideology of nationalism<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This term has been used more in political discourse over the past few years, often <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cjr.org\/language_corner\/nationalist-supremacist.php\">in ways that aren\u2019t clearly defined<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In social psychology, however, this ideological bent can have multiple dimensions.<\/p>\n<p>Someone who\u2019s more \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2017\/02\/06\/true-or-false-real-americans-are-christian-speak-english-and-were-born-in-the-u-s\/?noredirect=on&amp;utm_term=.4260b3079045\">ardently nationalist<\/a>\u201d might believe that diversity makes it more difficult for a nation to have a shared identity. They\u2019re also more likely to believe their nation is superior to others.<\/p>\n<p>Democrats are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2017\/02\/06\/true-or-false-real-americans-are-christian-speak-english-and-were-born-in-the-u-s\/?noredirect=on&amp;utm_term=.4260b3079045\">less likely<\/a> than Republicans to identify as ardently nationalist. Someone who\u2019s less nationalistic also tends to have <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/new-globalism-a-counterculture-that-could-redraw-the-world-map-69390\">more interest or willingness to interact with foreign people, places or cultures<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This difference may explain the political pronunciation pattern: In my study, Democrats usually scored lower on a nationalism scale. And this score correlated with speakers\u2019 pronunciations, too.<\/p>\n<p>So Democrats are often more receptive and accommodating to foreign people and cultures. And the way they pronounce foreign words reflects this attitude.<\/p>\n<p>In cognitive linguistics research, we see this pattern a lot: People tend to speak <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40925791?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\">more like others<\/a> when they have <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0074746\">more positive attitudes toward them<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps that\u2019s why Obama was thanked for pronouncing \u201cPakistan\u201d more like how Pakistanis do. It wasn\u2019t for anything specifically political. The Pakistanis simply reacted in the way someone who hears their name spelled or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bustle.com\/p\/hasan-minhaj-explained-on-ellen-how-mispronouncing-his-name-speaks-to-a-double-standard-17018808\">pronounced the way they prefer<\/a> would react; they heard it as a sign of respect.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/124839\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/zachary-jaggers-596582\">Zachary Jaggers<\/a>, Postdoctoral Scholar of Linguistics, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-oregon-811\">University of Oregon<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/your-political-views-can-predict-how-you-pronounce-certain-words-124839\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zachary Jaggers, University of Oregon Politics can predict the TV shows we watch, the shops we frequent and the places we live. But what about the way we speak? In a recent study, I was able to show how your political orientation can influence how you pronounce certain words. How members of America\u2019s two parties [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":18317,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[293],"tags":[710,2674,479,5460,2925,149,1274,2755,1673,13,461,7110,7109],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18321"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18321"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18321\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18334,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18321\/revisions\/18334"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}