{"id":20571,"date":"2020-05-09T06:01:19","date_gmt":"2020-05-09T06:01:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=20571"},"modified":"2020-05-15T14:27:56","modified_gmt":"2020-05-15T14:27:56","slug":"canada-needs-to-see-the-u-s-and-its-trade-motives-clearly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/canada-needs-to-see-the-u-s-and-its-trade-motives-clearly\/","title":{"rendered":"Canada needs to see the U.S. and its trade motives clearly"},"content":{"rendered":"

Blayne Haggart<\/a>, Brock University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Existential crises that threaten one\u2019s entire society have a way of forcing us to see the world as it truly is. The coronavirus pandemic is no exception. Canada, once mocked by South Park<\/em> as \u201cnot even a real country anyway<\/a>,\u201d has come together in remarkable fashion. Canadians and their leaders, from every region and across the political spectrum, are all pushing in the same direction.<\/p>\n

But while the pandemic has showcased the country\u2019s inspiring cohesiveness, it has also revealed the tragic costs, measured in lives lost and economic opportunity squandered, of Canada\u2019s continued adherence to a one-dimensional ideology that long ago passed its best-before date.<\/p>\n

Since the 1990s, Canadian economic development policy has been anchored in two words: free trade. The previously widely accepted notion that countries should have an industrial policy \u2014 a strategy for encouraging strong and desirable economic growth \u2014 was cast aside in the single-minded pursuit of comprehensive trade agreements.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Standing from left, Mexico\u2019s Carlos Salinas de Gortari, George H. W. Bush of the United States and Canada\u2019s Brian Mulroney are all smiles standing behind their trade representatives as they sign the North American Free Trade Agreement in San Antonio in 1992.<\/span>
\n(AP PHOTO\/Pat Sullivan)<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Economic security and prosperity, so the conventional wisdom held, was best ensured by lowering trade barriers and encouraging specialization. Production would be global, which wouldn\u2019t pose any problems in a free-trade world.<\/p>\n

Two flaws<\/h2>\n

There have long been two flaws in this policy. First, while Canada may be \u201ca trading nation<\/a>,\u201d trade is merely a means to an end: securing markets for Canadian producers and ensuring Canadians\u2019 access to foreign goods and services. At the end of the day, it\u2019s production, not trade, that matters most for a country\u2019s economic security and power.<\/p>\n

Second, policy-makers failed to appreciate the extent to which the entire free-trade world was dependent on the actions and support of the United States given its global superpower status. After the Second World War, the U.S. decided to underwrite a liberal multilateral order that encouraged free trade, which it was able to reinforce in the 1990s after the end of the Cold War.<\/p>\n

For a long while in the 1990s, Canada was able to get away with neglecting industrial policy and to imagine that free trade would be our economic salvation. This was because the world of open borders, ostensibly supported by U.S. power, hid the long-term costs of de-industrialization since we still had easy access to cheap production in other countries.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately for Canada, that world hasn\u2019t existed for almost 20 years. The multilateral free-trade world was only ever as resilient as the American commitment to it.<\/p>\n

The unilateral U.S. choice of security over prosperity following the 9\/11 terrorist attacks was the beginning of the end of this multilateral economic order. The unsanctioned American invasion of Iraq<\/a> hastened the system\u2019s decline, as did its open embrace of torture<\/a> in contravention of international conventions and basic human decency.<\/p>\n

\"\"
A U.S. Customs canine enforcement officer and his dog examine a line of cars entering the United States from Canada at the inspection station near Blaine, Wash., in August 2003, part of increased border security measures following 9\/11.<\/span>
\n(AP Photo\/Ted S. Warren)<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Less dramatically, U.S. economic policy, under Democrats and Republicans alike, turned trade agreements from potentially win-win tariff-lowering treaties into agreements designed to lock in the American advantage<\/a> on issues of the future: intellectual property, data governance<\/a> and internet governance. Free trade agreements are no longer about free trade.<\/p>\n

COVID-19 exposes the cracks<\/h2>\n

All this happened before the pandemic exposed the physical vulnerability of countries lacking guaranteed access to producers of medical equipment. The current international scramble for medical equipment is not causing the world order to collapse: it\u2019s a symptom of an order that has been falling apart in slow motion for a long while.<\/p>\n

Countries have been tentatively, almost unconsciously, adjusting to this reality. These include forms of what I call digital economic nationalism, in which countries, including Canada<\/a>, are pursuing national industrial policies in high-tech areas like artificial intelligence<\/a> and are seriously considering the regulation<\/a> of global, mostly American, online platforms.<\/p>\n

Still, tentatively<\/em> is the operative word. Policy continues to be marked by a failure to think through the consequences of these long-term trends, and by the hope that U.S. President Donald Trump\u2019s eventual departure from the Oval Office will restore the multilateral order.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Trump is seen in the Oval Office in January 2018. His eventual departure isn\u2019t likely to result in changed American attitudes about bilateral trade.<\/span>
\n(AP Photo\/Carolyn Kaster)<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

It won\u2019t, for the simple reason that there is no longer a political bipartisan consensus on Capitol Hill that this order is worth saving. The liberal, multilateral world order that has been underwritten by the United States since the end of the Second World War cannot survive this degree of instability for very long.<\/p>\n

Canada\u2019s free-trade obsession has put us in a bind, making us overly reliant on global supply chains. That\u2019s a huge unforced error given that 19 years ago, 9\/11 showed us just how quickly border policy can change.<\/p>\n

The recently concluded NAFTA 2.0, officially known as the U.S.-Mexico-Canada trade agreement (USMCA), has myriad<\/a> loopholes<\/a> that leave Canada open to future harassment and concessions on data localization made without any analysis on their impact<\/a>. It also illustrates Canada hasn\u2019t fully comprehended how the world has transformed since 1994.<\/p>\n

\n


\n
\nRead more:
\nNAFTA has been replaced, but at what cost to Canada?<\/a>
\n<\/strong>
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

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Policy-makers could well find that the USMCA, purpose-built for a world that no longer exists, severely restricts their ability to set a production-focused policy appropriate for 2020 and beyond.<\/p>\n

Still, acknowledging reality is the first step in dealing with a crisis. The post-Second World War order is gone. Trade policy must be put in its proper place, a component \u2014 but not the entire game \u2014 of a comprehensive, government-led domestic industrial policy that involves actual, production-focused planning for a world in which the conventional wisdom of the past 70 years no longer holds.<\/p>\n

Just signing trade agreements is no longer enough to ensure Canadian prosperity. We have to deal with the world as it is, not as we wish it would be.\"The<\/p>\n

Blayne Haggart<\/a>, Associate Professor of Political Science, Brock University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Blayne Haggart, Brock University Existential crises that threaten one\u2019s entire society have a way of forcing us to see the world as it truly is. The coronavirus pandemic is no exception. Canada, once mocked by South Park as \u201cnot even a real country anyway,\u201d has come together in remarkable fashion. Canadians and their leaders, from […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":20572,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[538,5075,8045,7689,479,1011,766,2294,1885,2775,1558,3522,8044,5504],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20571"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20571"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20571\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20633,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20571\/revisions\/20633"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20571"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20571"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}