{"id":21435,"date":"2020-07-23T20:46:54","date_gmt":"2020-07-23T20:46:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=21435"},"modified":"2020-07-24T13:39:32","modified_gmt":"2020-07-24T13:39:32","slug":"science-elicits-hope-in-americans-its-positive-brand-doesnt-need-to-be-partisan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/science-elicits-hope-in-americans-its-positive-brand-doesnt-need-to-be-partisan\/","title":{"rendered":"Science elicits hope in Americans \u2013 its positive brand doesn&#8217;t need to be partisan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/todd-newman-816100\">Todd Newman<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-wisconsin-madison-939\">University of Wisconsin-Madison<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Harley-Davidson is one of the most iconic brands in the world. Harley-Davidson, however, doesn\u2019t sell motorcycles \u2013 it sells a lifestyle. Look at any Harley-Davidson advertisement and you will see someone riding the open road. The Harley-Davidson brand is about freedom. Attitude. Living by your own rules.<\/p>\n<p>A brand is the unspoken starting point when you first encounter any object, person or idea. It\u2019s the emotional, sensory and cognitive reflex that shapes how subsequent information is gauged. A key to successful marketing, therefore, is understanding that starting point.<\/p>\n<p>By the same token, effective science communication depends on understanding the factors that influence public perceptions of science so that those doing the communicating \u2013 such as the research community, health professionals or governmental agencies \u2013 can advance greater public understanding of the science or motivate the actions of individuals, groups or society.<\/p>\n<p>Through the marketing lens, then, what is the \u201cbrand\u201d of science as an enterprise? It\u2019s an especially important question during the COVID-19 pandemic, when headlines around the world have shifted global attention to the science surrounding the coronavirus.<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2020\/03\/30\/people-financially-affected-by-covid-19-outbreak-are-experiencing-more-psychological-distress-than-others\/\">March 2020 Pew Research survey<\/a> asked Americans how they had felt about the coronavirus over the previous week. People reported experiencing nervousness, anxiety, depression and even physical reactions, at least a little of the time.<\/p>\n<p>But despite these uneasy feelings, nearly 3 in 4 Americans indicated they felt hopeful for the future.<\/p>\n<p>As my communications colleagues <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=r7G9f0wAAAAJ&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=ao\">and I<\/a> find, hope is the starting point for how the public thinks and feels about science.<\/p>\n<h2>Hope for the future, based in science<\/h2>\n<p>ScienceCounts, <a href=\"https:\/\/sciencecounts.org\/about-us\/\">a nonprofit organization working to strengthen public support for science <\/a> which I collaborate with, conducted a couple of polls that ask respondents a multiple choice question about what comes to mind when they hear the word \u201cscience.\u201d What they found was clear: The U.S. public feels \u201chope.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"nQYUx\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" style=\"border: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/nQYUx\/1\/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400px\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencecounts.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/ReportBenchmark.pdf\">2018 ScienceCounts survey<\/a>, 63% of respondents said when they hear the word \u201cscience,\u201d \u201chope\u201d comes to mind. The next most common responses, at only 9% and 6%, were \u201cfear\u201d and \u201cjoy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>More important, the feeling of \u201chope\u201d held across different demographics, regardless of political ideology. A survey scheduled for fall 2020 will test if these associations still remain, amid the coronavirus pandemic.<\/p>\n<p>Hope is a complex emotion and it\u2019s not new to <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1075547018776019\">science communication research<\/a>. It\u2019s a feeling of expectation and a desire for a certain outcome. In other words, hope is associated with a future reward, what psychologists refer to as a <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1556-6676.1995.tb01764.x\">\u201cpayoff-minded\u201d orientation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But what exactly is the public hoping for? Is that future payoff a coronavirus vaccine? Is it a way to address climate change? Maybe it\u2019s finding life on another planet, or discovering a breakthrough in artificial intelligence.<\/p>\n<p>Hope is nuanced: Numerous personal values and beliefs influence what different segments of the public hope for and why. This ambiguity, I argue, is ultimately a benefit to the scientific community.<\/p>\n<p>Science is a utility; it takes on meaning to the public once it is connected to issues that they care about. For example, segments of the public that are dismissive of scientific evidence surrounding science issues actually become more supportive of that evidence when the policy \u2013 a set of recommendations for future action \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0037963\">aligns with their existing worldview<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Connecting science to relevant societal values and beliefs is a key part of effective science communication. Leaders of the scientific community have called on scientists to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/SciencePublic-Engagement\/25084\">develop closer ties to different public audiences<\/a>. Decades of communication research inform how different stakeholders <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aaas.org\/sites\/default\/files\/content_files\/NisbetMarkowitz_StrategicSciCommOnEnvironmentalIssues_WhitePaper.pdf\">frame their messaging to align with different audiences<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But what\u2019s at stake when there\u2019s a disconnect between how different entities at the science-society interface position themselves in scientific debates is a fractured vision for the role science plays in society.<\/p>\n<h2>How scientists see science<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sciencecounts.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Assessing-Scientist-Willingness-to-Engage-in-Science-Communication_web.pdf\">In a series of follow-up surveys<\/a>, colleagues from <a href=\"https:\/\/sciencecounts.org\/leadership\/\">ScienceCounts<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aldacenter.org\/\">the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=0ssM57wAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">Michigan State University<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=WHQF1CUAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">the University of Texas at Austin<\/a> and I dug into scientists\u2019 own perspectives. We asked scientists from 27 different scientific societies as well as faculty and research staff at 62 public and private research universities the same question about how they think and feel about science. We wanted to see how their responses differed, if at all, from those of the general public.<\/p>\n<p>What we found was a less consistent pattern: while only 6% of the public responded \u201cjoy,\u201d 40% of scientists did. \u201cHope\u201d was a close second, with 36% of scientists responding that way.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"2A5rx\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" style=\"border: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/2A5rx\/2\/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400px\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>In contrast to the payoff-minded orientation of hope, joy suggests a <a href=\"https:\/\/sciencecounts.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Assessing-Scientist-Willingness-to-Engage-in-Science-Communication_web.pdf\">\u201cprocess-minded orientation\u201d<\/a>, where the day-to-day experience of conducting scientific research motivates the emotional response. This is not surprising: Most scientists enjoy the work that they do.<\/p>\n<p>This gap between how scientists and non-scientists think and feel about science might have interesting implications for how one group communicates with the other about the scientific enterprise.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/349006\/original\/file-20200722-26-1dc6unu.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/349006\/original\/file-20200722-26-1dc6unu.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/349006\/original\/file-20200722-26-1dc6unu.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=394&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/349006\/original\/file-20200722-26-1dc6unu.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=394&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/349006\/original\/file-20200722-26-1dc6unu.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=394&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/349006\/original\/file-20200722-26-1dc6unu.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=495&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/349006\/original\/file-20200722-26-1dc6unu.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=495&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/349006\/original\/file-20200722-26-1dc6unu.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=495&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"Girl holds up an 'I heart science' sign at a march\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Science holds a positive place in most people\u2019s hearts.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/news-photo\/an-indian-student-holds-a-placard-during-the-india-march-news-photo\/1160484832\">SOPA Images\/LightRocket via Getty Images<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Burnishing the brand<\/h2>\n<p>Understanding how consumers think and feel about a product or service is the essence of branding. Brands become a form of self-expression, and the goal of any marketer is to develop a communication strategy that can capitalize on it.<\/p>\n<p>[<em>Deep knowledge, daily.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us\/newsletters\/the-daily-3?utm_source=TCUS&amp;utm_medium=inline-link&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter-text&amp;utm_content=deepknowledge\">Sign up for The Conversation\u2019s newsletter<\/a>.]<\/p>\n<p>There is no doubt that science has evolved as a brand in its own right, with the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15377857.2019.1652225\">global March for Science<\/a> being one big expression of it. These demonstrations in 2017 pitted those who are \u201cpro-science\u201d against those they labeled \u201canti-science.\u201d While many scholars have <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1075547018822081\">cautioned about the use of \u201cus vs. them\u201d tactics<\/a> in science communication, the idea of a \u201cwar on science\u201d left its mark on many citizens seeing <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/our-partisan-brains-exploring-the-psychology-behind-denying-science-38411\">science as a partisan issue<\/a>, rather than a political issue.<\/p>\n<p>Unpacking the different meanings of hope among both scientists and non-scientists is an important first step toward a unified vision for communicating the promise of science. What do people hope for within the context of science, and within what time frame? Understanding these different views of hope \u2013 and where common ground exists \u2013 is crucial for science to serve as a means to our collective well-being.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/124980\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/todd-newman-816100\">Todd Newman<\/a>, Assistant Professor of Life Sciences Communication, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-wisconsin-madison-939\">University of Wisconsin-Madison<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/science-elicits-hope-in-americans-its-positive-brand-doesnt-need-to-be-partisan-124980\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Todd Newman, University of Wisconsin-Madison Harley-Davidson is one of the most iconic brands in the world. Harley-Davidson, however, doesn\u2019t sell motorcycles \u2013 it sells a lifestyle. Look at any Harley-Davidson advertisement and you will see someone riding the open road. The Harley-Davidson brand is about freedom. Attitude. Living by your own rules. A brand is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":21436,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3410,8],"tags":[8249,3593,2190,3337,3688,7559,7689,5822,8384,8038,1964,2956,8385,3482,3697,1771],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21435"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21435"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21443,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21435\/revisions\/21443"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}