{"id":22701,"date":"2020-11-06T01:33:03","date_gmt":"2020-11-06T01:33:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=22701"},"modified":"2020-11-09T03:55:25","modified_gmt":"2020-11-09T03:55:25","slug":"why-questions-good-and-bad-matter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/why-questions-good-and-bad-matter\/","title":{"rendered":"Why questions (good and bad) matter"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/marcello-fiocco-1155482\">Marcello Fiocco<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-california-irvine-1169\">University of California, Irvine<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Children are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/origins-of-intelligence-in-children\/oclc\/173972551\">naturally inquisitive<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/toleration\/\">tolerant<\/a>. Many constantly ask questions. At some point, most of them \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/quotes\/20604-the-important-thing-is-not-to-stop-questioning-curiosity-has\">most of us<\/a> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8sYOIxb7bN0\">just stop<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Why does this happen?<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s not as if the world starts to make perfect sense after several years of living. There are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/04\/01\/smarter-living\/stop-asking-kids-what-they-want-to-be-when-they-grow-up.html\">social pressures<\/a> to stop. To succeed, to be <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/537152a\">recognized as smart<\/a>, children typically feel pressure to stop asking questions and start providing answers. What is 2+2? How do you spell \u201ccat\u201d? What time is it when the big hand is on the 11 and the little hand is on the 5?<\/p>\n<p>But no one should ever stop asking questions. I say this as someone whose <a href=\"https:\/\/www.faculty.uci.edu\/profile.cfm?faculty_id=5558\">job it is<\/a> to ask them, and to help college-aged students and adolescents develop the skills to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TSFrCm2UYow\">ask questions insightfully<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>I believe that asking questions should be of the utmost importance to anyone who cares about themselves or others.<\/p>\n<h2>A threat to inquiry<\/h2>\n<p>During the summer of 2020, on TikTok, a young woman named <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@gracie.ham\/video\/6864198263063448837\">Gracie Cunningham<\/a> mused about the origins of algebra and about whether math is \u201creal\u201d while applying her makeup. The video went viral when, in a since-deleted tweet, it was posted with the caption \u201cdumbest video ive ever seen.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0MY8UAiT4e8?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Gracie Cunningham\u2019s questions about math went viral.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Gracie\u2019s musings were mocked \u2013 until they weren\u2019t. After being ridiculed by many who saw the tweet, others came to Gracie\u2019s defense, including professional mathematicians, scientists and philosophers. More people then defended Gracie in light of the authority of the mathematicians, scientists and philosophers. For not even they, the savants, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathtutordvd.com\/public\/Who-Invented-Algebra.cfm\">knew the answers<\/a> to her questions.<\/p>\n<p>I think this episode is worth examining for what it indicates about questions and the importance of tolerating inquiry.<\/p>\n<p>Given the comments the tweet provoked, Gracie\u2019s questions initially appeared silly to many who heard them. Such mockery \u2013 even the mere threat of being laughed at \u2013 is a significant deterrent to asking questions and to inquiry more generally.<\/p>\n<p>In response to her critics, Gracie admirably made another attempt to question math.<\/p>\n<div data-react-class=\"Tweet\" data-react-props=\"{&quot;tweetId&quot;:&quot;1298804338727489536&quot;}\"><\/div>\n<p>She seemed like an easy target. Her questions were directed at something that is widely supposed to be unquestionable: namely, basic mathematics. Few of those who defended Gracie did so on the grounds that her questions were sincere or revealed a genuine inquisitiveness or were insightful.<\/p>\n<p>It seems the primary reason the questions came to be deemed good is just that it was noticed they did not have easy answers.<\/p>\n<h2>Questions good and bad<\/h2>\n<p>Lots of very good questions have easy answers if you ask the right person, though. Often, a good question is just motivated by curiosity, asked in order to understand better something in the world, including oneself. By this measure, Gracie\u2019s questions were good ones all along.<\/p>\n<p>So are all questions good?<\/p>\n<p>No. Despite the clich\u00e9 to the contrary, there are plenty of bad questions. A question asked while someone else is talking is usually not a good one (though it might be good to interrupt to ask \u201cIs there a doctor here?\u201d if someone nearby passes out). Nor is the same question asked over and over again, such as \u201cAre we there yet?\u201d or \u201cIs it time?\u201d I say this as a father of two small children with a tendency to ask questions for which the answers are clearly not the goal.<\/p>\n<p>Still, maybe these questions aren\u2019t good because of the context or their impetus. Perhaps every question asked from a place of curiosity is a good one?<\/p>\n<p>This isn\u2019t so either.<\/p>\n<p>Consider whether it\u2019s appropriate to ask: \u201cWhy do you look like that?\u201d \u201cWhy do you cry so easily?\u201d \u201cWere you brought up in a barn?\u201d \u201cWhat are you?\u201d \u2013 when querying someone\u2019s ethnicity, race or gender. \u201cAre you sexually active?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Not all aspects of the world are open to inquiry by everyone. And some inquiries can be harmful.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366455\/original\/file-20201029-19-c1k6de.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;rect=0%2C0%2C5296%2C3528&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366455\/original\/file-20201029-19-c1k6de.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;rect=0%2C0%2C5296%2C3528&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366455\/original\/file-20201029-19-c1k6de.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366455\/original\/file-20201029-19-c1k6de.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366455\/original\/file-20201029-19-c1k6de.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366455\/original\/file-20201029-19-c1k6de.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366455\/original\/file-20201029-19-c1k6de.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366455\/original\/file-20201029-19-c1k6de.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"A man in a beard wearing a jean jacket looking quizzical.\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">But why?<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/photo\/portrait-of-sceptical-young-man-royalty-free-image\/697567749\">Westend61\/Getty Images<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Philosophy as critical thinking<\/h2>\n<p>In short, there are good questions and bad ones.<\/p>\n<p>Those who would inquire fruitfully need to be able to tell the difference, not only for their own edification, but for the good of all.<\/p>\n<p>Much hangs on the possibility of unreservedly asking (good) questions. Doing so is essential to thinking critically, which is crucial to solving problems big and small. It is a common misconception that philosophy is a subject matter, a bunch of disputable truths or the views of (mostly) dead (mostly) white men.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Tractatus_Logico-Philosophicus\">Philosophy, however, is actually an activity<\/a> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/invisible-cities\/oclc\/802505145\">critical thinking<\/a> \u2013 that turns on challenging both what seems obvious and what is mysterious.<\/p>\n<p>Asking questions is not just for kids or students or philosophers. Everybody needs to inquire critically and to be tolerant of the apparent ignorance of others. So when you hear a question that strikes you as ridiculous, don\u2019t immediately presume it is. Instead, try to imagine a context, by supplying tacit assumptions, that would make that question meaningful \u2013 even urgent \u2013 to the person asking it.<\/p>\n<p>The ability to do this is invaluable. It requires taking up different perspectives, making one fluent in doing so, and is all-important to thinking critically. It also promotes tolerance.<\/p>\n<h2>The importance of inquiry<\/h2>\n<p>The world we all share is propped up by unexamined presuppositions. This might be fine if one could be satisfied with the world as it is. The least bit of reflection, however, would likely prompt anyone to want to do better.<\/p>\n<p>If those in a community, this one or any, are to do better, they must be able to inquire freely and na\u00efvely. They must be able to hear questions as questions, not as assertions, and to react tolerantly, even charitably.<\/p>\n<p>[<em>Deep knowledge, daily.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us\/newsletters\/the-daily-3?utm_source=TCUS&amp;utm_medium=inline-link&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter-text&amp;utm_content=deepknowledge\">Sign up for The Conversation\u2019s newsletter<\/a>.]<\/p>\n<p>If someone cannot hear a question \u2013 \u201cHow would you, like, start on the concept of algebra?\u201d or \u201cWhy do you choose to not wear a mask?\u201d or \u201cWhy would you vote for someone who seems to have so little respect for the rule of law?\u201d or \u201cWhy would a police officer shoot point-blank seven times at an unarmed man?\u201d \u2013 as an invitation to examine something someone else finds perplexing, and can regard it only as confrontational or an opening for contempt, everyone will suffer.<\/p>\n<p>If there is disagreement but no questions, there can be only disagreement. The problems that seem intractable will be.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/147412\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/marcello-fiocco-1155482\">Marcello Fiocco<\/a>, Associate Professor of Philosophy, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-california-irvine-1169\">University of California, Irvine<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-questions-good-and-bad-matter-147412\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Marcello Fiocco, University of California, Irvine Children are naturally inquisitive and tolerant. Many constantly ask questions. At some point, most of them \u2013 most of us \u2013 just stop. Why does this happen? It\u2019s not as if the world starts to make perfect sense after several years of living. There are social pressures to stop. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":22702,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[292],"tags":[3420,132,4130,8913,8914,2589,581,3134],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22701"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22701"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22701\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22724,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22701\/revisions\/22724"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}