{"id":23278,"date":"2020-12-08T02:20:20","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T02:20:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=23278"},"modified":"2020-12-09T13:47:46","modified_gmt":"2020-12-09T13:47:46","slug":"when-can-children-get-the-covid-19-vaccine-5-questions-parents-are-asking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/when-can-children-get-the-covid-19-vaccine-5-questions-parents-are-asking\/","title":{"rendered":"When can children get the COVID-19 vaccine? 5 questions parents are asking"},"content":{"rendered":"

Wesley Kufel<\/a>, Binghamton University, State University of New York<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

The first U.S. COVID-19 vaccines are expected in clinics in mid-December, and states are drawing up plans<\/a> for who should get vaccinated first<\/a>.<\/p>\n

But one important group is absent: children.<\/p>\n

While two vaccines are expected to be cleared soon<\/a> for adult use in the U.S., testing is only now getting started with children \u2013 and only with adolescents. There are still a lot of unknowns.<\/p>\n

As an infectious disease pharmacist and professor<\/a> who helps manage patients hospitalized with COVID-19, I frequently hear questions about vaccines. Here\u2019s what we know and don\u2019t know in response to some common questions about vaccinating kids for COVID-19.<\/p>\n

When can my child be vaccinated?<\/h2>\n

Right now, it appears unlikely<\/a> that a vaccine will be ready for children before the start of the next school year in August.<\/p>\n

Adult trials of the two leading vaccines have had good results<\/a>, which is promising. A Food and Drug Administration briefing paper<\/a> released on Dec. 8 indicated the vaccine made by Pfizer appeared to meet U.S. standards for emergency use authorization<\/a> for adults, suggesting it was on the cusp of approval. The British government had already approved the vaccine and started vaccinating adults there<\/a>.<\/p>\n

But clinical trials involving children are only just getting started.<\/p>\n

Pfizer, working with Germany\u2019s BioNTech, expanded its COVID-19 vaccine testing to children ages 12 and older<\/a> only in October. The other leading vaccine maker, Moderna, announced on Dec. 2<\/a> that it planned to begin COVID-19 vaccine trials in children ages 12-17 soon.<\/p>\n

The vaccine\u2019s efficacy and safety will have to be evaluated for each age group, and testing hasn\u2019t started for infants, toddlers or kids in the U.S.<\/p>\n

\"Electron
The coronavirus gets its name from the spike proteins that ring it like a corona, visible here under an electron microscope. The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines target these proteins.<\/span>
\nNIAID<\/a>, CC BY<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Clinical trials are designed to ensure that the vaccine is safe and effective. Typically, it takes 10 to 15 years<\/a> from the start of development until the vaccine is licensed, but the COVID-19 vaccines are being developed<\/a> faster<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Will children need more shots than adults?<\/h2>\n

It does not appear that the schedule of COVID-19 vaccine doses will be different for children, but that could change as testing goes on.<\/p>\n

Pfizer\u2019s vaccine is being tested in adolescents with a two-dose series, three weeks apart, just like in adults. Moderna also plans to use its adult schedule \u2013 two doses four weeks apart \u2013 in an upcoming trial with 3,000 adolescents<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The second dose serves as a \u201cbooster shot,\u201d since the first dose alone doesn\u2019t provide optimal immunity. This is consistent with several other vaccines<\/a>, including hepatitis B, measles, mumps and rubella.<\/p>\n

Right now, only those two doses are planned, but that could change. It\u2019s unclear how long the immune response from these COVID-19 vaccines will last or if more doses will be necessary in the future. The flu vaccine, for example, requires a new dose every year because the virus changes.<\/p>\n

Recent promising data from Moderna indicate immunity is sustained<\/a> for at least three months after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.<\/p>\n

\"Explanation
Vaccines help the immune system recognize viruses, typically by injecting weakened virus or the virus\u2019s proteins. Pfizer and Moderna developed a new type of vaccine that instead uses mRNA, the molecular instructions for building virus proteins.<\/span>
\n@VI4research<\/a>, CC BY-NC-SA<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Are the vaccines safe for kids?<\/h2>\n

So far, no serious safety concerns have been identified with either the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines, but the trials are still in the early stages for children. Several other vaccines are also under development<\/a> around the world, and a few drugmakers have started trials with younger children<\/a> in other countries.<\/p>\n

Another concern people raise is about temporary side effects<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Children tend to have stronger immune systems than adults, and they may have stronger temporary reactions to the vaccine. That could mean more pain and swelling at the injection site for a few days and possibly a fever.<\/p>\n

These side effects are common with vaccines. They\u2019re evidence that the immune system<\/a> is doing what it should be doing, but they can be scary.<\/p>\n

Both the safety of the vaccine and the likelihood of temporary side effects are important to understand, because adults and children will need both doses for the vaccine to provide optimal immunity.<\/p>\n

Is vaccinating adults good enough?<\/h2>\n

Just vaccinating adults would not be enough to end the pandemic. Children can still become infected, transmit the virus and develop complications<\/a>. If a vaccine is not available, children will likely serve as a reservoir of the virus<\/a>, making it harder to end the pandemic.<\/p>\n

Both leading vaccines have reported promising results in adults so far: The efficacy rate is approximately 94% for Moderna\u2019s vaccine<\/a> and 95% for Pfizer\u2019s<\/a>. That means that under the best conditions, about 95% percent of adults who get the vaccine have been found to be protected. That\u2019s higher than expected.<\/p>\n

[Get the best of The Conversation, every weekend.<\/em> Sign up for our weekly newsletter<\/a>.]<\/p>\n

Whether the same holds for children remains to be seen.<\/p>\n

Children typically have milder COVID-19 symptoms than adults, but they can still transmit the virus<\/a> to others.<\/p>\n

Receiving the vaccine also carries other benefits, including allowing a safer return to schools and activities.<\/p>\n

Do we have to keep wearing masks and social distancing?<\/h2>\n

In the meantime, it will be important to continue standard preventive measures, including social distancing<\/a>, wearing face masks<\/a>, washing hands and following other guidance<\/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<\/p>\n

While the hope is that a vaccine will allow people to get back to a more \u201cnormal\u201d way of living, these preventive measures will still be needed, even after receiving the vaccine, until more information is known<\/a> about the extent of protection from the vaccine.<\/p>\n

There are still many unanswered questions. As time goes on, we\u2019ll have more answers.\"The<\/p>\n

Wesley Kufel<\/a>, Clinical Assistant Professor, Pharmacy Practice, Binghamton University, State University of New York<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Wesley Kufel, Binghamton University, State University of New York The first U.S. COVID-19 vaccines are expected in clinics in mid-December, and states are drawing up plans for who should get vaccinated first. But one important group is absent: children. While two vaccines are expected to be cleared soon for adult use in the U.S., testing […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":23279,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[42],"tags":[132,7559,7689,9109,137,5469,4151,130,5272,3903,134],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23278"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23278"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23278\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23290,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23278\/revisions\/23290"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23279"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}