{"id":24772,"date":"2021-03-23T01:11:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-23T01:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=24772"},"modified":"2021-03-26T01:05:12","modified_gmt":"2021-03-26T01:05:12","slug":"colleges-are-eliminating-sports-teams-and-runners-and-golfers-are-paying-more-of-a-price-than-football-or-basketball-players-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/colleges-are-eliminating-sports-teams-and-runners-and-golfers-are-paying-more-of-a-price-than-football-or-basketball-players-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Colleges are eliminating sports teams \u2013 and runners and golfers are paying more of a price than football or basketball players"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/molly-ott-331562\">Molly Ott<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/arizona-state-university-730\">Arizona State University<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/janet-lawrence-1193645\">Janet Lawrence<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-michigan-1290\">University of Michigan<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>North Carolina Central University, a historically Black college, <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NCCUAthletics\/status\/1359956563667128320\">announced<\/a> in February that its men\u2019s baseball team \u2013 which formed in 1911 \u2013 would cease to exist after this season. The school\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsobserver.com\/sports\/article249187170.html\">athletic director called it<\/a> \u201cone of the most disappointing days in my career.\u201d University leaders concluded that financial shortfalls due to COVID-19 were too much to support the team going forward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since COVID-19 emerged, dozens of colleges and universities have announced the elimination of different <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/sports\/college-sports-cuts.html\">intercollegiate athletics teams<\/a>. The vast majority of these cuts are at schools and teams that never show up on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.espn.com\/video\/sportscenter\">ESPN\u2019s SportsCenter<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As professors who study higher education, we took a closer look at the <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/asu.edu\/covid-19-cuts\">300 teams<\/a> that were dropped between March and October 2020 by 78 colleges and universities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s a diverse group of institutions. Some \u2013 like <a href=\"https:\/\/news.stanford.edu\/2020\/07\/08\/athletics-faq\/\">Stanford<\/a> and Brown \u2013 have multibillion-dollar endowments. They compete in the NCAA\u2019s Division I, which is the top level of college sports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the majority of closures came at regional and local campuses that participate in the NCAA\u2019s Division II and Division III, or the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.naia.org\/\">National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics<\/a>. Also, around 30 teams were eliminated by community colleges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Regardless of campus differences, COVID-19\u2019s financial consequences are a shared rationale cited by university leaders for the recent closures. The 78 schools we examined spend around $87 million a year to keep all those teams going.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The impact of shutting down college sports teams goes beyond an athletic department\u2019s bottom line. Many in the sports world have focused on what it means for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/sports\/college-sports-cuts-wake-covid-19-are-clouding-future-certain-n1243803\">U.S. participation in the Olympics<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But there are other implications \u2013 positive as well as negative \u2013 for campuses themselves and how schools attract prospective students.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Entertainment and cultural value<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Last season was also the final one for the University of Alaska-Anchorage\u2019s men\u2019s hockey and women\u2019s gymnastics programs. In September, UAA\u2019s Board of Regents <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adn.com\/sports\/uaa-athletics\/2020\/09\/10\/regents-eliminate-uaa-hockey-gymnastics-and-alpine-skiing-but-offer-each-chance-at-reinstatement\/\">voted to shut down<\/a> both teams as well as alpine skiing. A last-minute fundraising drive raised <a href=\"https:\/\/skiracing.com\/university-of-alaska-ski-team-reinstated-after-successful-628k-fundraising-campaign\/\">over US$600,000 to save the latter<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" title=\"Sports teams cut between March 2020 and October 2020\u00a0\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/ddZdf\/3\/#?secret=25OJEeZWO9\" data-secret=\"25OJEeZWO9\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"433\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Most university administrators don\u2019t expect their athletics programs to make a lot of money. Only about <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncaa.org\/about\/resources\/research\/finances-intercollegiate-athletics\">25 of the 1,100 NCAA member schools\u2019<\/a> athletics departments generate a profit. Institutions often spend far more money than their teams will earn from ticket sales, broadcasting contracts and the like. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00948705.2006.9714687\">Higher ed leaders say<\/a> sports provide entertainment and cultural value for students and the local community. Along with civic and performing arts activities, they liven up a campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Funding and donors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Certain sports, like football, are also useful for cultivating donor and political relationships. A 2003 study found that public universities with NCAA Division I football teams received about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Brad_Humphreys\/publication\/5142723_The_Relationship_Between_Big-Time_College_Football_and_State_Appropriations_for_Higher_Education\/links\/0c96052556639c21dc000000\/The-Relationship-Between-Big-Time-College-Football-and-State-Appropriations-for-Higher-Education.pdf\">6% more in state funding<\/a> annually than other institutions. And when those football teams win \u2013 especially against in-state rivals \u2013 state financial support goes up even more the next year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Research also shows that having a varsity football program increases a school\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0038040714533353\">national visibility and status<\/a>. Given this, we weren\u2019t surprised that only four of the 300 teams eliminated between March and October were football.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>A changing student body<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Many colleges and universities depend on varsity sports \u2013 like rowing, track and swimming \u2013 to attract more students to attend. Athletes make up a sizable proportion of the general undergraduate population, especially at smaller schools. For example, NCAA Division III campuses enroll an average of 2,600 students, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ncaaorg.s3.amazonaws.com\/about\/d3\/D3_FactandFigures.pdf\">one out of every four<\/a> is a varsity athlete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Approximately <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncaa.org\/about\/resources\/research\/ncaa-sports-sponsorship-and-participation-rates-database\">500,000 athletes<\/a> compete across the three NCAA divisions each year. Research shows <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncaa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/GOALS_convention_slidebank_jan2016_public.pdf\">sports is the top factor<\/a> in athletes\u2019 college choice decision \u2013 outweighing academics, the campus social scene or proximity to home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the 300 teams in our analysis that were recently cut, 2018-19 <a href=\"https:\/\/ope.ed.gov\/athletics\/#\/\">federal data<\/a> for each intercollegiate program indicates more than 5,400 athletes were members of those teams each year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most students who play college sports \u2013 including all of those at <a href=\"https:\/\/ncaaorg.s3.amazonaws.com\/about\/d3\/D3_FactandFigures.pdf\">Division III<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/education\/archive\/2018\/10\/college-sports-benefits-white-students\/573688\/\">Ivy League<\/a> programs \u2013 are <a href=\"https:\/\/ncaaorg.s3.amazonaws.com\/about\/ncaa\/101\/NCAA101_Our3Divisions.pdf\">not on an athletic scholarship<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So with fewer sports, the student body at some of these schools might change. For example, Stanford\u2019s admissions office will no longer need to reserve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.si.com\/college\/2021\/02\/12\/stanford-save-cut-sports-movement-ncaa\">240 or so spots<\/a> for accomplished fencers, field hockey and squash players, rowers, sailors, synchronized swimmers, men\u2019s volleyball athletes and wrestlers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cutting those sports could open up <a href=\"https:\/\/news.dartmouth.edu\/news\/2020\/07\/dartmouth-announces-changes-varsity-athletics-program\">new opportunities<\/a> for applicants with different backgrounds, interests and achievements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For students themselves, participating in varsity athletics is generally advantageous. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/rhe.0.0083\">Research<\/a> shows that athletic talent <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/rhe.0.0083\">improves an applicant\u2019s chances of admission<\/a> to top schools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Playing sports can also help with the transition into college. An intercollegiate team provides a ready-made social group that can help the new team member adjust to their new school.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/387335\/original\/file-20210302-17-1uysbd2.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/387335\/original\/file-20210302-17-1uysbd2.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Baseball players celebrate on the field\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Student-athletes often have a built-in social group that helps with their college transition. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/news-photo\/chapman-university-celebrates-a-division-iii-mens-baseball-news-photo\/1148075109?adppopup=true\">Jack Dempsey\/NCAA Photos via Getty Images<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>While the demands of big-time programs in men\u2019s basketball and football <a href=\"https:\/\/129.237.36.133\/jams\/article\/view\/7731\">can cause academic challenges<\/a> for these students, studies have found that overall, athletes perform <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:RIHE.0000040264.76846.e9\">just as well in classes<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1536-7150.00219\">have a higher likelihood of graduating<\/a> compared to other students.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rssm.2010.12.001\">Research<\/a> also shows that hiring managers value college sports experience. Some studies have found that former athletes have <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/PR-08-2012-0149\">higher salaries and career success<\/a>, on average, than other post-secondary graduates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The full implications of the abrupt, unprecedented stop of intercollegiate athletics \u2013 and what it means for athletes, coaches, schools and beyond \u2013 is still unclear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eventually, \u201cbig-time\u201d programs like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsmv.com\/news\/us_world_news\/duke-wont-play-in-march-madness-after-university-suspends-sports-competition\/article_ab594ba2-45fe-5b70-9d1b-50bd74c5c484.html\">Duke men\u2019s basketball<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.espn.com\/college-football\/insider\/story\/_\/id\/30965191\/ohio-state-lsu-college-football-teams-fast-start-recruiting-class-2022\">Louisiana State University football<\/a> will be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.si.com\/college\/2020\/12\/29\/global-pandemic-exposed-ncaa-inc\">back to business as usual<\/a>. For many other schools, COVID-19\u2019s effects will be more expansive and long-lasting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[<em>Deep knowledge, daily.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us\/newsletters\/the-daily-3?utm_source=TCUS&amp;utm_medium=inline-link&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter-text&amp;utm_content=deepknowledge\">Sign up for The Conversation\u2019s newsletter<\/a>.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The financial savings for athletics departments are immediate and obvious. But a longer-term impact will be seen on enrollment, campus life and the communities where colleges are located.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Being a team member in a sport that doesn\u2019t draw thousands of spectators or bring in millions of dollars still builds special connections to campuses that can foster institutional giving and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.13250\">enhance the health<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11556-010-0076-3\">longevity of participants<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/molly-ott-331562\">Molly Ott<\/a>, Associate Professor of Higher &amp; Postsecondary Education, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/arizona-state-university-730\">Arizona State University<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/janet-lawrence-1193645\">Janet Lawrence<\/a>, Professor of Education, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-michigan-1290\">University of Michigan<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/colleges-are-eliminating-sports-teams-and-runners-and-golfers-are-paying-more-of-a-price-than-football-or-basketball-players-148965\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Molly Ott, Arizona State University and Janet Lawrence, University of Michigan North Carolina Central University, a historically Black college, announced in February that its men\u2019s baseball team \u2013 which formed in 1911 \u2013 would cease to exist after this season. The school\u2019s athletic director called it \u201cone of the most disappointing days in my career.\u201d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":24798,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[292],"tags":[414,1348,245,4188,5387,7689,687,4186,143,203,9549],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24772"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24772"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24772\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24799,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24772\/revisions\/24799"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}