{"id":28025,"date":"2021-12-26T03:45:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-26T03:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=28025"},"modified":"2022-01-02T05:38:55","modified_gmt":"2022-01-02T05:38:55","slug":"the-runners-high-may-result-from-molecules-called-cannabinoids-the-bodys-own-version-of-thc-and-cbd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/the-runners-high-may-result-from-molecules-called-cannabinoids-the-bodys-own-version-of-thc-and-cbd\/","title":{"rendered":"The \u2018runner\u2019s high\u2019 may result from molecules called cannabinoids \u2013 the body\u2019s own version of THC and CBD"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hilary A. Marusak<\/a>, Wayne State University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many people have experienced reductions in stress, pain and anxiety and sometimes even euphoria after exercise. What\u2019s behind this so-called \u201crunner\u2019s high\u201d? New research on the neuroscience of exercise may surprise you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \u201crunner\u2019s high\u201d has long been attributed to endorphins<\/a>. These are chemicals produced naturally in the body of humans and other animals after exercise and in response to pain or stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, new research from my lab<\/a> summarizes nearly two decades of work on this topic. We found that exercise reliably increases levels of the body\u2019s endocannabinoids \u2013 which are molecules that work to maintain balance in the brain and body \u2013 a process called \u201chomeostasis.\u201d This natural chemical boost may better explain some of the beneficial effects of exercise on brain and body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am a neuroscientist<\/a> at the Wayne State University School of Medicine. My lab<\/a> studies brain development and mental health, as well as the role of the endocannabinoid system in stress regulation and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This research has implications for everyone who exercises with the aim of reducing stress and should serve as a motivator for those who don\u2019t regularly exercise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Health benefits of exercise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Several decades of research<\/a> has shown that exercise is beneficial for physical health. These studies find a consistent link between varying amounts of physical activity and reduced risk of premature death<\/a> and dozens of chronic health conditions, including diabetes<\/a>, hypertension<\/a>, cancer<\/a> and heart disease<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The
While cannabinoids are produced in cannabis, the marijuana plant, they are also made in the human body. Iuliia Bondar\/Moment via Getty Images<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

More recently \u2013 over about the past two decades<\/a> \u2013 mounting research shows that exercise is also highly beneficial for mental health<\/a>. In fact, regular exercise is associated with lower symptoms of anxiety, depression, Parkinson\u2019s disease and other common mental health or neurological problems<\/a>. Consistent exercise is also linked to<\/a> better cognitive performance, improved mood, lower stress and higher self-esteem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is not yet clear what is behind these mental health boosts. We do know that exercise has a variety of effects on the brain, including raising metabolism<\/a> and blood flow<\/a>, promoting the formation of new brain cells<\/a> \u2013 a process called neurogenesis \u2013 and increasing the release of several chemicals in the brain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some of these chemicals are called neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor<\/a>. BDNF is intricately involved in brain \u201cplasticity,\u201d or changes in activity of brain cells, including those related to learning and memory<\/a>. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lk3mrNqhn24?wmode=transparent&start=0 From the Dana Foundation: \u201cHow Exercise Affects The Brain\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scientists have also shown that exercise increases blood levels of endorphins, one of the body\u2019s natural opioids. Opioids are chemicals that work in the brain and have a variety of effects, including helping to relieve pain<\/a>. Some early research<\/a> in the 1980s contributed to the long-standing popular belief that this endorphin release is related to the euphoric feeling known as the runner\u2019s high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, scientists have<\/a> long questioned<\/a> the role of endorphins in the runner\u2019s high sensation, in part because endorphins cannot cross into the brain through the blood-brain barrier<\/a>, which protects the brain from toxins and pathogens. So endorphins are not likely to be the main driver for the beneficial effects of exercise on mood and mental state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is where our research and that of others<\/a> points to the role of our body\u2019s natural versions of cannabinoids, called endocannabinoids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The surprising role of endocannabinoids<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

You may be familiar with<\/a> cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol \u2013 better known as THC \u2013 the psychoactive compound in cannabis (from the Cannabis sativa L.<\/em> plant) that causes people to feel high. Or you may have heard of cannabidiol, commonly known as CBD, an extract of cannabis<\/a> that is infused in some foods, medicines, oils and many other products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But many people do not realize that humans also create their own versions of these chemicals, called endocannabinoids. These are tiny molecules made of lipids \u2013 or fats \u2013 that circulate in the brain and body; \u201cendo\u201d refers to those produced in the body rather than from a plant or in a lab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Endocannabinoids work on cannabinoid receptors throughout the brain<\/a> and body. They cause a variety of effects, including pain relief, reduction of anxiety and stress and enhanced learning and memory. They also affect hunger, inflammation and immune functioning<\/a>. Endocannabinoid levels can be influenced by food, time of day, exercise, obesity, injury, inflammation and stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s worth noting that one should not be tempted to forgo a run or bike ride and resort to smoking or ingesting cannabis instead. Endocannabinoids lack the unwanted effects that come with getting high, such as mental impairment<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Understanding the runner\u2019s high<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Studies in humans<\/a> and in animal models<\/a> are pointing to endocannabinoids \u2013 not endorphins \u2013 as the star players in the runner\u2019s high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These elegant studies demonstrate that when opioid receptors are blocked \u2013 in one example<\/a> by a drug called naltrexone \u2013 people still experienced euphoria and reduced pain and anxiety after exercise. On the flip side, the studies showed that blocking the effects of cannabinoid receptors reduced the beneficial effects of exercise on euphoria, pain and anxiety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While several studies<\/a> have shown<\/a> that exercise increases the levels of endocannabinoids circulating in the blood, some have reported inconsistent findings, or that different endocannabinoids produce varying effects<\/a>. We also don\u2019t know yet if all types of exercise, such as cycling, running or resistance exercise like weightlifting, produce similar results. And it is an open question whether people with and without preexisting health conditions like depression, PTSD or fibromyalgia experience the same endocannabinoid boosts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To address these questions, an undergraduate student in my lab, Shreya Desai, led a systematic review and meta-analysis<\/a> of 33 published studies on the impact of exercise on endocannabinoid levels. We compared the effects of an \u201cacute\u201d exercise session \u2013 like going for a 30-minute run or cycle \u2013 with the effects of \u201cchronic\u201d programs, such as a 10-week running or weightlifting program. We separated them out because different levels and patterns of exertion could have very distinct effects on endocannabinoid responses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We found that acute exercise consistently boosted endocannabinoid levels across studies. The effects were most consistent for a chemical messenger known as anandamide \u2013 the so-called \u201cbliss\u201d molecule<\/a>, which was named, in part, for its positive effects on mood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interestingly, we observed this exercise-related boost in endocannabinoids across different types of exercise, including running, swimming and weightlifting, and across individuals with and without preexisting health conditions. Although only a few studies looked at intensity and duration of exercise, it appears that moderate levels of exercise intensity \u2013 such as cycling or running \u2013 are more effective than lower-intensity exercise \u2013 like walking at slow speeds or low incline \u2013 when it comes to raising endocannabinoid levels. This suggests that it is important to keep your heart rate elevated \u2013 that is, between about 70% and 80% of age-adjusted maximum heart rate \u2013 for at least 30 minutes to reap the full benefits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[Over 140,000 readers rely on The Conversation\u2019s newsletters to understand the world.<\/em> Sign up today<\/a>.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are still a lot of questions about the links between endocannabinoids and beneficial effects from exercise. For example, we didn\u2019t see consistent effects for how a chronic exercise regimen, such as a six-week cycling program, might affect resting endocannabinoid levels. Likewise, it isn\u2019t yet clear what the minimum amount of exercise is to get a boost in endocannabinoids, and how long these compounds remain elevated after acute exercise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite these open questions, these findings bring researchers one step closer to understanding how exercise benefits brain and body. And they offer an important motivator for making time for exercise during the rush of the holidays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hilary A. Marusak<\/a>, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hilary A. Marusak, Wayne State University Many people have experienced reductions in stress, pain and anxiety and sometimes even euphoria after exercise. What\u2019s behind this so-called \u201crunner\u2019s high\u201d? New research on the neuroscience of exercise may surprise you. The \u201crunner\u2019s high\u201d has long been attributed to endorphins. These are chemicals produced naturally in the body […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":28026,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[42],"tags":[1789,11060,9380,1526,5827,1788,11061,4627,11059,200,10235,11062,516,6113,1671,3285,391,460,1692,5825],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28025"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28025"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28025\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28130,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28025\/revisions\/28130"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28025"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28025"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}