{"id":28598,"date":"2022-02-03T04:36:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-03T04:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=28598"},"modified":"2022-02-06T14:03:51","modified_gmt":"2022-02-06T14:03:51","slug":"los-angeles-long-troubled-history-with-urban-oil-drilling-is-nearing-an-end-after-years-of-health-concerns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/los-angeles-long-troubled-history-with-urban-oil-drilling-is-nearing-an-end-after-years-of-health-concerns\/","title":{"rendered":"Los Angeles\u2019 long, troubled history with urban oil drilling is nearing an end after years of health concerns"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Jill Johnston<\/a>, University of Southern California<\/a><\/em> and Bhavna Shamasunder<\/a>, Occidental College<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los Angeles had oil wells pumping in its neighborhoods when Hollywood was in its infancy, and thousands of active wells still dot the city.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These wells can emit toxic chemicals such as benzene and other irritants into the air, often just feet from homes, schools and parks. But now, after nearly a decade of community organizing and studies demonstrating the adverse health impacts on people living nearby, Los Angeles\u2019 long history with urban drilling is nearing an end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a unanimous vote<\/a> on Jan. 26, 2022, the Los Angeles City Council took the first step toward phasing out all oil and gas extraction in the city by declaring oil extraction a nonconforming land use. That came on the heels of a unanimous vote by Los Angeles County supervisors<\/a> to phase out oil extraction in unincorporated county areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As environmental health<\/a> researchers<\/a>, we study the impacts of oil drilling on surrounding communities. Our research<\/a> shows that people living near these urban oil operations<\/a> suffer higher rates of asthma than average, as well as wheezing, eye irritation and sore throats. In some cases, the impact on residents\u2019 lungs is worse than living beside a highway or being exposed to secondhand smoke every day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LA was once an oil town with forests of derricks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Over a century ago, the first industry to boom<\/a> in Los Angeles was oil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oil was abundant and flowed close to the surface. In early 20th-century California, sparse laws governed mineral extraction, and rights to oil accrued to those who could pull it out of the ground first. This ushered in a period of rampant drilling, with wells and associated machinery crisscrossing the landscape. By the mid-1920s, Los Angeles was one of the largest oil-exporting regions<\/a> in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/a>
A 1924 photo shows the oil derricks on Signal Hill. Water and Power Museum Archive<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"An<\/a>
The view across The Pike amusement park and downtown Long Beach, California, in 1940 shows a forest of oil derricks in the background. Water and Power Museum Archive<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Oil rigs were so pervasive across the region that the Los Angeles Times described them in 1930 as \u201ctrees in a forest<\/a>.\u201d Working-class communities were initially supportive of the industry because it promised jobs but later pushed back<\/a> as their neighborhoods witnessed explosions and oil spills, along with longer-term damage to land, water and human health<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tensions over land use, extraction rights and subsequent drops in oil prices due to overproduction eventually resulted in curbs on drilling and a long-standing practice of oil companies\u2019 voluntary \u201cself-regulation<\/a>,\u201d such as noise-reduction technologies. The industry began touting these voluntary approaches to deflect governmental regulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Increasingly, oil companies disguised their activities with approaches such as operating inside buildings, building tall walls<\/a> and designing islands off Long Beach<\/a> and other sites to blend in with the landscape. Oil drilling was hidden in plain sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/a>
Beverly Hills High School earned money from an oil well, hidden behind walls covered with flower drawings, that operated until 2017 but raised health concerns. Luis Sinco\/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Today there are over 20,000 active, idle or abandoned wells spread across a county of 10 million people. About one-third of residents<\/a> live less than a mile from an active well site, some right next door<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the 2000s, the advance of extractive technologies to access harder-to-reach deposits has led to a resurgence of oil extraction activities. As extraction in some neighborhoods has ramped up, people living in South Los Angeles and other neighborhoods in oil fields have noticed frequent odors, nosebleeds and headaches<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Closer to urban oil drilling, poorer lung function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The city of Los Angeles has no buffers or setbacks between oil extraction and homes, and approximately 75% of active oil or gas wells are located within 500 meters<\/a> (1,640 feet) of \u201csensitive land uses,\u201d such as homes, schools, child care facilities, parks or senior residential facilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite over a century of oil drilling in Los Angeles, until recently there was limited research into the health impacts. Working with community health workers<\/a> and community-based organizations helped us gauge the impact oil wells are having on residents, particularly on its historically Black and Hispanic neighborhoods. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cSfXx7cMNWc?wmode=transparent&start=0 Oil drilling in Los Angeles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first step was a door-to-door survey of 813 neighbors from 203 households near wells in Las Cienegas oil field, just south and west of downtown. We found that asthma<\/a> was significantly more common among people living near South Los Angeles oil wells than among residents of Los Angeles County as a whole<\/a>. Nearly half the people we spoke with, 45%, didn\u2019t know oil wells were operating nearby, and 63% didn\u2019t know how to contact local regulatory authorities to report odors or environmental hazards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Next, we measured lung function of 747 long-term residents, ages 10 to 85, living near two drilling sites. Poor lung capacity, measured as the amount of air a person can exhale after taking a deep breath, and lung strength, how strongly the person can exhale, and are both predictors of health problems including respiratory disease, death from cardiovascular problems<\/a> and early death in general<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We found that the closer someone lived to an active or recently idle well site, the poorer that person\u2019s lung function<\/a>, even after adjusting for such other risk factors as smoking, asthma and living near a freeway. This research demonstrates a significant relationship between living near oil wells and worsened lung health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

People living up to 1,000 meters (0.6 miles) downwind of a well site showed lower lung function on average than those living farther away and upwind. The effect on their lungs\u2019 capacity and strength was similar to impacts of living near a freeway or, for women, being exposed to secondhand smoke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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