{"id":29458,"date":"2022-05-04T00:05:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-04T00:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=29458"},"modified":"2022-05-05T12:22:32","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T12:22:32","slug":"the-southwest-is-on-fire-iconic-deserts-and-towns-are-at-risk-and-one-governor-is-calling-for-a-disaster-declaration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/the-southwest-is-on-fire-iconic-deserts-and-towns-are-at-risk-and-one-governor-is-calling-for-a-disaster-declaration\/","title":{"rendered":"The Southwest is on fire, iconic deserts and towns are at risk and one governor is calling for a disaster declaration"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Molly Hunter<\/a>, University of Arizona<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

New Mexico and Arizona are facing a dangerously early fire season. It has left neighborhoods in ashes and is having such devastating effects that the governor of New Mexico on May 3, 2022, urged President Joe Biden to issue a disaster declaration<\/a>. Over 600 fires<\/a> had broken out in the two states by early May, and large wildfires had burned through hundreds of homes near Ruidoso and Las Vegas, New Mexico, and Flagstaff, Arizona.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We asked wildfire scientist Molly Hunter<\/a> at the University of Arizona to explain what\u2019s fueling the extreme fire conditions and why risky seasons like this are becoming more common.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why is this year\u2019s wildfire season in the Southwest so early and intense?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Historically, fire season in the Southwest didn\u2019t ramp up until late May or June, because fuels that carry fires \u2013 primarily woody debris, leaf litter and dead grasses \u2013 didn\u2019t fully dry out until then.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now, the Southwest is seeing more fires start much earlier<\/a> in the year. The earlier fire season is partly due to the warming climate<\/a>. As temperatures rise, the snow melts more rapidly, more water evaporates into the atmosphere and the grasses and other fuels dry out earlier in the season.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the earlier timing coincides with when the region commonly experiences strong winds<\/a> that can drive rapid fire growth. Some of the fires we\u2019re seeing this year, like the Tunnel Fire<\/a> near Flagstaff and the fires in New Mexico, are being driven by these really intense wind events. They\u2019re pretty typical winds for spring, but fuels are now really dry and ready to burn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Two
Fire crews dig at burning roots in the wake of a fire near Flagstaff, Ariz., in April 2022. Tom Story\/Northern Arizona Type 3 Incident Management Team, via AP<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

This year we also have a lot of fuel to burn. Last summer, in 2021, the Southwest had an exceptional monsoon season<\/a> that left green hillsides and lots of vegetation. By now the grasses and forbs<\/a> that established during the monsoon have dried out, leaving a lot of biomass that can carry a fire. Often in the Southwest, our biggest fire years come when we have a wet period followed by a dry period, like the La Ni\u00f1a conditions<\/a> we\u2019re experiencing now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What role does climate change play?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the Southwest, climate change<\/a> has meant warmer, drier conditions. One immediate effect is the lengthening of the fire season.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We now see fires starting in March and April. And if the Southwest doesn\u2019t get a good summer monsoon \u2013 the region\u2019s typical period of heavy rainstorms \u2013 fire season won\u2019t really stop until we get significant rainfall or snowfall in fall and winter. That means more stress on firefighting resources, and more stress on communities facing fire, smoke and evacuations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As fire season lengthens, states are also seeing more fires caused by human activities, such as fireworks, sparks from vehicles or equipment, and power lines. More people are moving<\/a> out into areas that are fire-prone, creating more opportunities for human-caused ignitions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Satellite
By May 4, nearly a quarter-million acres had burned in New Mexico, almost double the state\u2019s 2021 total. Fires shown by satellite and on the map below are near Los Alamos and Las Vegas, N.M. NASA<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Map<\/a>
National Interagency Fire Center<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

What effect is the changing fire regime having on the Southwest\u2019s ecosystems?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When fires burn in areas that didn\u2019t see fire historically, they can transform ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

People generally don\u2019t think of fire as being a natural part of desert ecosystems, but grasses are now fueling really big fires<\/a> in the desert, like Arizona\u2019s Telegraph Fire<\/a> in 2021. These fires are also spreading farther, and into different ecosystems. The Telegraph Fire started in a desert system, then burned through chaparral and into the mountains, with pine and conifer forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the problem is invasive grasses like buffelgrass and red brome<\/a> that spread quickly and burn easily. A lot of grass is now growing in those desert systems<\/a>, making them more prone to wildfire. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zBi354Q4RuE?wmode=transparent&start=0 Invasive buffelgrass is a threat to desert ecosystems and communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When a fire spreads in the desert, some plant species, like mesquite and other brushy plants, can survive. But the saguaro \u2013 the iconic cactuses that are so popular in tourist visions of the Southwest \u2013 are not well adapted to fire<\/a>, and they often die when exposed to fire. Paloverde trees are also not well adapted<\/a> to survive fires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What does comes back quickly is the grasses, both native and invasive. So in some areas we\u2019re seeing a transition from desert ecosystem to a grassland ecosystem<\/a> that is very conducive to the spread of fire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Cave Creek Fire<\/a> near Phoenix in 2005 is an example where you can see this transition. It burned over 240,000 acres, and if you drive around that area now, you don\u2019t see lot of saguaros. It doesn\u2019t look like desert. It looks like more like annual grassland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is an iconic landscape, so the loss affects tourism. It affects wildlife as well. A lot of species rely on saguaro<\/a> for nesting and feeding. Bats rely on the flowers<\/a> for nectar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What can be done to avoid high fire risk in the future?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In some respects, people will have to recognize that fire is inevitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fires quickly now surpass our capacity to control them. When winds are strong and the fuels are really dry, there\u2019s only so much firefighters can do to prevent some of these big fires from spreading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/a>
People clear trees from around a home as a fire threatens Las Vegas, N.M., on May 2, 2022. AP Photo\/Cedar Attanasio<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Conducting more prescribed fires<\/a> to clear out potential fuel is one important way to lessen the probability of really big, destructive blazes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historically, far more money went into fighting fires than managing the fuels with tactics like thinning and prescribed fire, but the infrastructure bill<\/a> signed in 2021 included a huge influx of funding for fuels management. There\u2019s also a push to move some seasonal fire crew jobs to full-time, yearlong positions to conduct thinning and prescribed burns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Homeowners can also be better prepared to live with fires<\/a>. That means maintaining yards and homes by removing debris so they\u2019re less likely to burn. It also means being prepared to evacuate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Molly Hunter<\/a>, Associate Research Professor in Environment and Natural Resources, University of Arizona<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Molly Hunter, University of Arizona New Mexico and Arizona are facing a dangerously early fire season. It has left neighborhoods in ashes and is having such devastating effects that the governor of New Mexico on May 3, 2022, urged President Joe Biden to issue a disaster declaration. Over 600 fires had broken out in the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":29459,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1862,118],"tags":[10842,1377,139,10369,170,6197,223,11757,9951,10476,9862,9829,6403,2202,573,2606],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29458"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29458"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29458\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29468,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29458\/revisions\/29468"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29459"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}