{"id":32353,"date":"2022-12-22T01:54:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-22T01:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=32353"},"modified":"2022-12-23T17:07:38","modified_gmt":"2022-12-23T17:07:38","slug":"is-donald-trumps-tax-avoidance-ethical-or-honorable-4-essential-reads","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/is-donald-trumps-tax-avoidance-ethical-or-honorable-4-essential-reads\/","title":{"rendered":"Is Donald Trump\u2019s tax avoidance ethical or honorable? 4 essential\u00a0reads"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bryan Keogh<\/a>, The Conversation<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The tax records of Donald Trump, details of which were released on Dec. 21, 2022<\/a>, show the former president used the same aggressive measures<\/a> to avoid paying high taxes while in office as he did during his business career. Indeed, he paid zero tax in 2020 \u2013 the last full year of his presidency \u2013 according to figures released by the House Ways and Means Committee in one of its last moves under Democratic control. The panel plans to release redacted versions of six years\u2019 worth of tax returns soon.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Conversation has been covering Trump\u2019s taxes<\/a> since he began his run for the presidency in 2015<\/a>. These articles from our archive, all published in the run-up to the 2020 election, explore tax-paying ethics, problems with the U.S. tax code and why the working poor are audited almost as much as the rich.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. The honor of paying taxes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Many wealthy Americans, including Trump, take great pains and spend a lot of money on accountants to minimize their tax bill, often by mining the tax code for loopholes or even filing fake tax returns. For some, tax avoidance \u2013 which is different from illegal tax evasion \u2013 is even considered patriotic<\/a>, and rich people often boast paying little to no taxes. In contrast, ancient Athenians bragged about paying their taxes<\/a>, Thomas Martin<\/a>, a professor of the classics at College of the Holy Cross, wrote in 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn ancient Athens, only the very wealthiest people paid direct taxes, and these went to fund the city-state\u2019s most important national expenses \u2013 the navy and honors for the gods,\u201d he explained. \u201cWhile today it might sound astonishing, most of these top taxpayers not only paid happily, but also boasted about how much they paid.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. The ethics of paying taxes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps the well-to-do of Athens relished the prospect of paying their dues, but is it unethical to go out of your way to avoid them?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erin Bass<\/a>, who studies business ethics at the University of Nebraska, Omaha, addressed this question<\/a> from a philosophical perspective, exploring how different ethical thinkers would approach the topic. Deontologists like Immanuel Kant, utilitarians like John Stuart Mill and virtue ethicists like Aristotle all reach different conclusions about whether tax avoidance is ethical, Bass explained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But she added:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen it comes to Trump and other public figures, there is an additional ethical concern at play here. Public leaders are evaluated not just on their own personal morality, but also by what influence their behaviors could have on others,\u201d she wrote. \u201cIf a public leader avoids taxes, it might signal to the public to do the same, which could have greater consequences.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

3. What\u2019s wrong with the US tax code?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While some say that Trump and others are smart for minimizing their taxes, critics say they\u2019re amoral tax cheats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To Gary Winslett<\/a>, an assistant professor of political science at Middlebury, \u201cit reveals just how much is wrong with the U.S. tax code, which Congress treats as a sort of policy Swiss Army knife to deal with innumerable desired social and economic policy goals, from homeownership to protecting the Maine blueberry industry.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This has made the U.S. income tax system very complicated<\/a> for regular taxpayers. It led to the many loopholes and other means by which the wealthy can reduce their tax payments to levels others find unfair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Auditing the working poor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Another finding of the House panel is that the IRS didn\u2019t audit Trump\u2019s tax returns during the first two years of his presidency, even though it was required to do so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This raises an important point: Although audits are often seen as mainly targeting the rich, the reality is the working poor are audited at rates almost as high<\/a>, explained Hayes Holderness<\/a>, an assistant professor of law at the University of Richmond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe IRS\u2019s limited resources mean that auditors end up focusing their attention on cases with more straightforward issues and more accessible information,\u201d he wrote. \u201cThat\u2019s why lower-income individuals receiving the earned income tax credit were audited at a 1.2% rate in 2016, the most current year of mostly complete data, comparable to the audit rate of roughly 1.5% for individuals earning over $500,000.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bryan Keogh<\/a>, Deputy Managing Editor and Senior Editor of Economy and Business, The Conversation<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bryan Keogh, The Conversation The tax records of Donald Trump, details of which were released on Dec. 21, 2022, show the former president used the same aggressive measures to avoid paying high taxes while in office as he did during his business career. Indeed, he paid zero tax in 2020 \u2013 the last full year […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":32354,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[277,296],"tags":[479,2275,196,543,434,546,13180],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32353"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32353"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32353\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32355,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32353\/revisions\/32355"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32353"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32353"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}