{"id":34218,"date":"2023-06-25T21:50:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-25T21:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=34218"},"modified":"2023-07-02T08:23:43","modified_gmt":"2023-07-02T08:23:43","slug":"why-no-living-people-appear-on-us-postage-stamps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/why-no-living-people-appear-on-us-postage-stamps\/","title":{"rendered":"Why no living people appear on US postage\u00a0stamps"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Richard Handler<\/a>, University of Virginia<\/a><\/em> and Laura Goldblatt<\/a>, University of Virginia<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the ascension of King Charles III to the British throne, some commentators have made much of the fact that the new stamp bearing his image features the king without a crown<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is a major break with a tradition that began in 1840 with the world\u2019s first postage stamp, the Penny Black<\/a>, which featured the reigning monarch, Queen Victoria, wearing her crown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Against<\/a>
The world\u2019s first postage stamp was the Penny Black. Dave Bolton\/iStock via Getty Images Plus<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Less discussed is the fact that the living monarch\u2019s image must appear on all British stamps because the monarch embodies the nation itself<\/a>. This is true even for commemorative stamps that honor historically important persons and events. Whether sharing equal billing with another person or relegated to a corner, the living monarch\u2019s image will always be found on British stamps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Tinted<\/a>
The Shakespeare stamp commemorated The Bard\u2019s 400th birthday. See the queen in the upper left corner? DeAgostini Picture Library via Getty Images<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

As we discuss in our recent book, \u201cThe American Stamp<\/a>,\u201d when the United States was ready to release its first stamps in 1847, the Post Office returned to the issues that had first been raised in a debate about coins. In 1792, when the U.S. mint was founded, a proposal to feature the heads of living presidents on the nation\u2019s coinage was defeated in Congress by those who argued that to do so would be monarchical. In a republic, they proclaimed, only history, not heredity, could determine who was worthy of lending their likeness to the nation\u2019s money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was agreed that only dead or allegorical persons \u2013 for example, the Goddess of Liberty<\/a> \u2013 can be depicted on U.S. currencies. The postal service adopted similarly democratic ideals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/a>
The 1847 George Washington 10-cent stamp. Bettmann via Getty Images<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The questions of the day became \u201cWho deserves to be honored on American stamps?\u201d or \u201cWhat does democracy look like?\u201d The Post Office answered, \u201clike dead heroes\u201d \u2013 or, more specifically, like images of deceased white males whom history deemed central to the nation\u2019s founding and growth. The country\u2019s first stamp designs<\/a> featured Benjamin Franklin and George Washington, who had died in the previous century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the 176 years since that decision was made, American stamps have come to include more and more kinds of people. Indeed, stamps provide a visual history of American thinking about gender and race in a widely disseminated and easily recognizable tiny form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/a>
The 1847 Benjamin Franklin stamp. Heritage Images\/Hulton Archive via Getty Images<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A tradition codified<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

That tradition continued for both currency and stamps until 1866, when it became<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why did depicting only the dead on U.S. currencies became a national priority in the year after the end of the Civil War? The answer emerged from : Had living persons been allowed to appear on U.S. coins, stamps and banknotes, it would have been possible to depict U.S. citizens who would go on to become traitors to the nation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This law has held fast, even as stamps have quickly evolved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/a>
Also known as the \u2018Black Jack,\u2019 the two-cent Andrew Jackson stamp was issued from 1863 to 1869. Heritage Images\/Hulton Archive via Getty Images<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

At the end of the 19th century, different types of people began to appear on stamps as American democracy became more inclusive. At first, women were added: Queen Isabella of Spain in 1893<\/a> and Martha Washington in 1902<\/a>. The portrait of a Native American, the Sioux chief Hollow Horn Bear, appeared in 1923<\/a>. Then an African American, Booker T. Washington, in 1940<\/a>. In the decades since, persons of other ethnicities and sexual orientations have been honored on stamps. For example, Hispanic labor leader Cesar Chavez appeared in 2003<\/a>, Arab American diplomat Philip C. Habib in 2006<\/a> and gay rights activist Harvey Milk in 2014<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Above<\/a>
Born into slavery, Booker T. Washington became one of America\u2019s greatest educators and political figures. Massimo Vernicesole\/iStock via Getty Images<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In all these cases, history, not heredity, determined who appeared. The only figures guaranteed a stamp are presidents, who become eligible for this honor one year after their death. The idea remains, though, that unlike King Charles III, they did not ascend to the office of president, but earned it due to their contribution to the democratic ideals of the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The politics of representation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Despite these clear ideals, the question of representation has dogged postal portraits. So it is no surprise that when the Post Office established the Citizen\u2019s Stamp Advisory Committee in 1957 to make recommendations to the postmaster general about future designs for stamps, it decreed that its deliberations be kept secret<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nonetheless, the current diversity of the cast of characters appearing on U.S. stamps continues to generate criticism. People with pronounced political views of whatever stripe can be unhappy with choices that seem to represent their opponents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A different critique we develop in our book is that apolitical diversity allows the Postal Service to abdicate the responsibility of illustrating what democracy should look like. If you do not pick a side, we argue, then how can citizens know which behaviors or positions are undemocratic?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Accompanied<\/a>
The 15-cent Abraham Lincoln stamp was first issued in 1866, one year after his assassination. Heritage Images\/Hulton Archive via Getty Images<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Indeed, the pitfalls of the good-people-on-both-sides approach was strikingly illustrated in a 1995 pane of 20 stamps commemorating the Civil War, which included both Abraham Lincoln, the president of the Union, and Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederacy. Surely the legislators who in 1866 decried the possibility of traitors being featured on federal currencies would be baffled by the choice of Davis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Which raises a problem: If former President Donald Trump is convicted of violating national security laws and obstructing justice<\/a>, which principle should prevail: that all presidents be guaranteed a postage stamp? Or that only those persons whom history judges to have been faithful to the nation and its democratic principles can appear on U.S. stamps, coins and bank notes?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s too soon to know the answer to these questions. But the controversy over who should represent the United States on stamps and what democracy looks like has been with our nation since 1792.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Against<\/a>
The new King Charles III stamp entered circulation in the United Kingdom on April 4, 2023. Leon Neal via Getty Images<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Richard Handler<\/a>, Professor of Anthropology, University of Virginia<\/a><\/em> and Laura Goldblatt<\/a>, Assistant Professor of English, University of Virginia<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Richard Handler, University of Virginia and Laura Goldblatt, University of Virginia With the ascension of King Charles III to the British throne, some commentators have made much of the fact that the new stamp bearing his image features the king without a crown. This is a major break with a tradition that began in 1840 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":34219,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[293,8025],"tags":[4029,13997,14097,14292,2595,14293],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34218"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34218"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34339,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34218\/revisions\/34339"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}