{"id":3726,"date":"2015-06-09T01:12:54","date_gmt":"2015-06-09T01:12:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=3726"},"modified":"2016-08-10T01:32:40","modified_gmt":"2016-08-10T01:32:40","slug":"are-parents-morally-obligated-to-forbid-their-kids-from-playing-football","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/are-parents-morally-obligated-to-forbid-their-kids-from-playing-football\/","title":{"rendered":"Are parents morally obligated to forbid their kids from playing football?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kathleen Bachynski<\/a>, Columbia University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

In March 2015, San Francisco 49ers linebacker Chris Borland shocked football fans when he announced his decision to retire after just one season in the NFL.<\/p>\n

He explained that he was concerned over the long-term health hazards of football-related head trauma<\/a>, and journalists and media personalities covered the story extensively<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Some observers asked if Borland\u2019s retirement might prove the \u201cbeginning of the end\u201d<\/a> for the NFL, while others suggested that the league would remain unchanged<\/a>.<\/p>\n

But looking beyond the NFL, might Borland\u2019s decision \u2013 along with the ever-growing body of evidence <\/a> on football-related concussions and brain injuries \u2013 influence football at the youth level? With professional athletes serving as role models to children aspiring to follow in their footsteps, the decisions of popular sports stars can often have a major impact on the safety of youth athletes.<\/p>\n

Parents generally have final say over the activities their kids participate in. Should they follow the lead of Borland, and forbid their children from playing football? Unfortunately, there\u2019s no simple answer. Instead, a host of issues \u2013 cultural, social and physical \u2013 need to be weighed.<\/p>\n

Leading by example<\/h2>\n

In ice hockey, the decision of all-star NHL goalie<\/a> Jacques Plante to begin wearing a face mask quite literally changed the face<\/a> of the game.<\/p>\n

In the 1950s, hockey goalies didn\u2019t wear face masks. Some observers at the time argued<\/a> that parents who allowed their children to play hockey without proper equipment were violating their duty to protect their kids. However, despite these concerns \u2013 and the sport\u2019s inherent violence \u2013 wearing head protection was generally regarded as a sign of cowardice.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Jacques Plante\u2019s goalie mask spread to all levels of the sport.<\/span>
\nMichael Pick\/flickr<\/a>, CC BY<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Plante\u2019s bold move (and success on the ice) helped challenge a prevailing culture in which wearing face protection was frowned upon. Others soon followed his lead: both professional and amateur hockey goalies adopted face masks, an innovation<\/a> that prevented countless injuries (while saving untold numbers of teeth!).<\/p>\n

Protection is at the heart of parenting<\/h2>\n

Clearly, the actions of prominent players within a sport can have a huge influence. However, Plante didn\u2019t decide to stop<\/em> playing ice hockey; he simply chose to wear more protective equipment.<\/p>\n

So what happens when a young, healthy star like Chris Borland walks away from a popular sport entirely? With Borland\u2019s decision, how should parents respond on behalf of their children?<\/p>\n

Asking if and when tackle football is appropriate for children raises fundamental ethical challenges. As a professional adult athlete, Borland can choose to walk away from football if he deems the sport too risky.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Chris Borland sacrificed millions of dollars when he decided to quit.<\/span>
\nUSA Today Sports\/Reuters<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

But in general, parents must make these decisions for their children. It\u2019s both common sense and scientific fact<\/a>: children don\u2019t possess the full range of emotional and cognitive abilities to make judgments about what\u2019s in their own best interest.<\/p>\n

Parents, then, have a moral obligation to protect their child\u2019s health and welfare.<\/p>\n

Weighing the risks with the benefits<\/h2>\n

On the other hand, virtually all<\/em> childhood activities offer both health risks and benefits. So the question becomes: how much risk is too much? How great should the potential benefits be in order to outweigh the potential risks? And how can parents make judgments when the risks and benefits are uncertain?<\/p>\n

These are complicated questions, especially when it comes to a sport as beloved and culturally important as American football.<\/p>\n

For many parents, the potential long-term risk of head trauma is not the only factor they consider when signing their children up to play football. They are also considering the benefit of physical activity. Perhaps even more importantly, there are the social, emotional and mental health benefits<\/a> of playing team sports. Finally, football plays a uniquely prominent role in the social life of many American schools and communities.<\/p>\n

Sports Illustrated writer Greg Bedard recently noted<\/a> that football \u201cremains a pillar of community, a tie that binds.\u201d A number of parents cherish the social skills, bonding and connection to the larger community that participation in such a sport can provide for their children.<\/p>\n

Many people also believe that at least some of the violence inherent to football is, in itself, a benefit. They argue that children and adolescents \u2013 particularly boys \u2013 are inherently aggressive, that football provides a relatively healthy outlet for that aggression.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u2018A pillar of the community, a tie that binds.\u2019<\/span>
\nMississippi Public Broadcasting\/flickr<\/a>, CC BY-NC<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

As writer Jonathan Chait asserted<\/a>, \u201cFootball channels boys’ chauvinistic belligerence into supervised forms, shapes them within boundaries, and gives them positive meaning.\u201d<\/p>\n

Yet the scientific evidence for some of these claims is slim. It\u2019s not clear, for example, that tackling each other on the football field is the only (or best) outlet for high-energy adolescents. And alternative sports or other activities such as music or theater can teach children social skills.<\/p>\n

What the research does \u2013 and doesn\u2019t \u2013 say<\/h2>\n

At the same time, there\u2019s also a dearth of scientific evidence showing long-term health risks associated with youth football. The most recent research indicates<\/a> that repetitive hits to the head (even if the hits do not cause concussions) can alter the brains of high school football players.<\/p>\n

Yet what these changes mean for these adolescents’ long-term<\/em> health is still unknown. No one has yet done a study to see if youth football players who stop playing upon reaching high school or college are more likely to develop dementia or other diseases later in life.<\/p>\n

In 2014, the NFL acknowledged<\/a> that nearly one-third of its players would go on to develop long-term cognitive problems, but the comparable risk for children who played in middle or high school is unknown. Many factors \u2013 the speed and age of the players, the magnitude of the hits \u2013 make youth football quite different from the professional game.<\/p>\n

In the meantime, some researchers<\/a> have suggested eliminating high-impact drills for youth players during practice. Yet such harm reduction strategies have not yet been evaluated to see if they protect players’ long-term health.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, parents cannot wait for scientists to reach a clearer understanding of the exact risks of youth football.<\/p>\n

They have to make decisions for their children in the context of significant uncertainty about just how dangerous \u2013 and how beneficial \u2013 football may be.<\/p>\n

Knowing that there may be significant risks and that children are vulnerable, perhaps parents should err on the side of caution and limit their children\u2019s participation in football. Certainly, the risk of cognitive impairment should be weighed differently<\/a> from the risk of arthritis or lower back pain.<\/p>\n

Nonetheless, balancing the advantages of a more cautious approach with its disadvantanges \u2013 potentially depriving children of a fun and valued activity \u2013 is no easy matter. There may be no single right answer, but parents must carefully consider what we know about football and children\u2019s health, and what remains to be learned.<\/p>\n

\n

This article is part of our youth sports series. To read the others in the series, click here<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"The<\/p>\n

Kathleen Bachynski<\/a> is PhD candidate in Sociomedical Science at Columbia University<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This article was originally published on The Conversation<\/a>.
\nRead the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kathleen Bachynski, Columbia University In March 2015, San Francisco 49ers linebacker Chris Borland shocked football fans when he announced his decision to retire after just one season in the NFL. He explained that he was concerned over the long-term health hazards of football-related head trauma, and journalists and media personalities covered the story extensively. Some […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":5431,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[42,36],"tags":[1172,196,303,892,885,891,860,1034,203,1173],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3726"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/40"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3726"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3726\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5432,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3726\/revisions\/5432"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5431"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}