{"id":39822,"date":"2025-07-01T12:45:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-01T12:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=39822"},"modified":"2025-07-01T14:50:55","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T14:50:55","slug":"the-hidden-cost-of-convenience-how-your-data-pulls-in-hundreds-of-billions-of-dollars-for-app-and-social-media-companies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/the-hidden-cost-of-convenience-how-your-data-pulls-in-hundreds-of-billions-of-dollars-for-app-and-social-media-companies\/","title":{"rendered":"The hidden cost of convenience: How your data pulls in hundreds of billions of dollars for app and social media&nbsp;companies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/kassem-fawaz-2340533\">Kassem Fawaz<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-wisconsin-madison-939\">University of Wisconsin-Madison<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/jack-west-2340545\">Jack West<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-wisconsin-madison-939\">University of Wisconsin-Madison<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You wake up in the morning and, first thing, you open your weather app. You close that pesky ad that opens first and check the forecast. You like your weather app, which shows hourly weather forecasts for your location. And the app is free!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But do you know why it\u2019s free? Look at the <a href=\"https:\/\/weather.com\/en-US\/twc\/privacy-policy\">app\u2019s privacy settings<\/a>. You help keep it free by allowing it to collect your information, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>What devices you use and their IP and Media Access Control addresses.<\/li><li>Information you provide when signing up, such as your name, email address and home address.<\/li><li>App settings, such as whether you choose Celsius or Fahrenheit.<\/li><li>Your interactions with the app, including what content you view and what ads you click.<\/li><li>Inferences based on your interactions with the app.<\/li><li>Your location at a given time, including, depending on your settings, continuous tracking.<\/li><li>What websites or apps that you interact with after you use the weather app.<\/li><li>Information you give to ad vendors.<\/li><li>Information gleaned by analytics vendors that analyze and optimize the app.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This type of data collection is standard fare. The app company can use this to customize ads and content. The more customized and personalized an ad is, the more money it generates for the app owner. The owner might also sell your data to other companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/670947\/original\/file-20250528-56-e9ikei.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Screenshot from an android phone with the default opt-in selection radio button filled in\" \/><figcaption>Many apps, including the weather channel app, send you targeted advertising and sell your personal data by default. Jack West, <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-ND<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>You might also check a social media account like Instagram. The subtle price that you pay is, again, your data. Many \u201cfree\u201d mobile apps gather information about you as you interact with them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As an associate professor <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=8TINuv4AAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">of electrical and computer engineering<\/a> and a doctoral student <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=SPvs1hsAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">in computer science<\/a>, we follow the ways software collects information about people. Your data allows companies to learn about your habits and exploit them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s no secret that social media and mobile applications collect information about you. Meta\u2019s business model depends on it. The company, which operates Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp, is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/271258\/facebooks-advertising-revenue-worldwide\/\">worth US$1.48 trillion<\/a>. Just under 98% of its profits come from advertising, which leverages user data from more than <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/272014\/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users\/\">7 billion monthly users<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>What your data is worth<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before mobile phones gained apps and social media became ubiquitous, companies conducted large-scale demographic surveys to assess how well a product performed and to get information about the best places to sell it. They used the information to create coarsely targeted ads that they placed on billboards, print ads and TV spots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mobile apps and social media platforms now let companies gather much more fine-grained information about people at a lower cost. Through apps and social media, people willingly trade personal information for convenience. In 2007 \u2013 a year after the introduction of targeted ads \u2013 Facebook made <a href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2012\/02\/01\/facebook-ipo-facebook-ipo-facebook-ipo\/\">over $153 million<\/a>, triple the previous year\u2019s revenue. In the past 17 years, that number has increased by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/277229\/facebooks-annual-revenue-and-net-income\/\">more than 1,000 times<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" title=\"Meta Annual Revenues\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/cMWDE\/2\/#?secret=PEMh37mKyz\" data-secret=\"PEMh37mKyz\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"476\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>Five ways to leave your data<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>App and social media companies collect your data in many ways. Meta is a representative case. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/privacy\/policy\/\">company\u2019s privacy policy<\/a> highlights five ways it gathers your data:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, it collects the profile information you fill in. Second, it collects the actions you take on its social media platforms. Third, it collects the people you follow and friend. Fourth, it keeps track of each phone, tablet and computer you use to access its platforms. And fifth, it collects information about how you interact with apps that corporate partners connect to its platforms. Many apps and social media platforms follow similar privacy practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Your data and activity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When you create an account on an app or social media platform, you provide the company that owns it with information like your age, birth date, identified sex, location and workplace. In the early years of Facebook, selling profile information to advertisers was that company\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/277229\/facebooks-annual-revenue-and-net-income\/\">main source of revenue<\/a>. This information is valuable because it allows advertisers to target specific demographics like age, identified gender and location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And once you start using an app or social media platform, the company behind it can collect data about how you use the app or social media. Social media keeps you engaged as you interact with other people\u2019s posts by liking, commenting or sharing them. Meanwhile, the social media company gains information about what content you view and how you communicate with other people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Advertisers can find out how much time you spent reading a Facebook post or that you spent a few more seconds on a particular TikTok video. This activity information tells advertisers about your interests. Modern algorithms can quickly pick up subtleties and automatically change the content to engage you in a sponsored post, a targeted advertisement or general content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Your devices and applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Companies can also note what devices, including mobile phones, tablets and computers, you use to access their apps and social media platforms. This shows advertisers your brand loyalty, how old your devices are and how much they\u2019re worth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because mobile devices travel with you, they have access to information about where you\u2019re going, what you\u2019re doing and who you\u2019re near. In a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/legal-library\/browse\/cases-proceedings\/ftc-v-kochava-inc\">lawsuit against Kochava Inc.<\/a>, the Federal Trade Commission called out the company for <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/ftc-lawsuit-spotlights-a-major-privacy-risk-from-call-records-to-sensors-your-phone-reveals-more-about-you-than-you-think-189618\">selling customer geolocation data<\/a> in August 2022, shortly after Roe v Wade was overruled. The company\u2019s customers, including people who had abortions after the ruling was overturned, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/data-brokers-know-everything-about-you-what-ftc-case-against-ad-tech-giant-kochava-reveals-218232\">often didn\u2019t know<\/a> that data tracking their movements was being collected, according to the commission. The FTC alleged that the data could be used to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/news-events\/news\/press-releases\/2022\/08\/ftc-sues-kochava-selling-data-tracks-people-reproductive-health-clinics-places-worship-other\">identify households<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kochava has <a href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2022\/08\/29\/ftc-sues-data-broker-kochava-for-sale-of-peoples-sensitive-location-data-including-visits-to-reproductive-health-clinics\/\">denied the FTC\u2019s allegations<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Information that apps can gain from your mobile devices includes anything you have given an app permission to have, such as your location, who you have in your contact list or photos in your gallery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you give an app permission to see where you are while the app is running, for instance, the platform can access your location anytime the app is running. Providing access to contacts may provide an app with the phone numbers, names and emails of all the people that you know.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Cross-application data collection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Companies can also gain information about what you do across different apps by acquiring information collected by other apps and platforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/670948\/original\/file-20250528-56-deekn.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Android screenshot \u2013 white and green text on a black background\" \/><figcaption>The settings on an Android phone show that Meta uses information it collects about you to target ads it shows you in its apps \u2013 and also in other apps and on other platforms \u2013 by default. Jack West, <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-ND<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This is common with social media companies. This allows companies to, for example, show you ads based on what you like or recently looked at on other apps. If you\u2019ve searched for something on Amazon and then noticed an ad for it on Instagram, it\u2019s probably because Amazon <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2023\/11\/09\/meta-lets-amazon-users-buy-on-facebook-instagram-without-leaving-apps.html\">shared that information<\/a> with Instagram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This combined data collection has made targeted advertising so accurate that people have reported that they <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pcmag.com\/news\/the-phones-have-ears-americans-fear-their-tech-is-listening\">feel like their devices are listening to them<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Companies, including Google, Meta, X, TikTok and Snapchat, can build detailed user profiles based on collected information from all the apps and social media platforms you use. They use the profiles to show you ads and posts that match your interests to keep you engaged. They also sell the profile information to advertisers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meanwhile, <a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/security\/2025\/06\/meta-and-yandex-are-de-anonymizing-android-users-web-browsing-identifiers\/\">researchers have found<\/a> that Meta and Yandex, a Russian search engine, have overcome controls in mobile operating system software that ordinarily keep people\u2019s web-browsing data anonymous. Each company puts code on its webpages that used local IPs to pass a person\u2019s browsing history, which is supposed to remain private, to mobile apps installed on that person\u2019s phone, de-anonymizing the data. Yandex has been conducting this tracking since 2017, while Meta began in September 2024, according to the researchers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>What you can do about it<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you use apps that collect your data in some way, including those that give you directions, track your workouts or help you contact someone, or if you use social media platforms, your privacy is at risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aside from entirely abandoning modern technology, there are several steps you can take to limit access \u2013 at least in part \u2013 to your private information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read the privacy policy of each app or social media platform you use. Although privacy policy documents can be <a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.wisc.edu\/news\/chat-tool-simplifies-tricky-online-privacy-policies\/\">long, tedious and sometimes hard to read<\/a>, they explain how social media platforms collect, process, store and share your data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Check a policy by making sure it can answer three questions: what data does the app collect, how does it collect the data, and what is the data used for. If you can\u2019t answer all three questions by reading the policy, or if any of the answers don\u2019t sit well with you, consider skipping the app until there\u2019s a change in its data practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Remove unnecessary permissions from mobile apps to limit the amount of information that applications can gather from you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Be aware of the privacy settings that might be offered by the apps or social media platforms you use, including any setting that allows your personal data to affect your experience or shares information about you with other users or applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These privacy settings can give you some control. We recommend that you disable \u201coff-app activity\u201d and \u201cpersonalization\u201d settings. \u201cOff-app activity\u201d allows an app to record which other apps are installed on your phone and what you do on them. Personalization settings allow an app to use your data to tailor what it shows you, including advertisements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Review and update these settings regularly because permissions sometimes change when apps or your phone update. App updates may also add new features that can collect your data. Phone updates may also give apps new ways to collect your data or add new ways to preserve your privacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Use private browser windows or reputable virtual private networks software, commonly referred to as VPNs, when using apps that connect to the internet and social media platforms. Private browsers don\u2019t store any account information, which limits the information that can be collected. VPNs change the IP address of your machine so that apps and platforms can\u2019t discover your location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, ask yourself whether you really need every app that\u2019s on your phone. And when using social media, consider how much information you want to reveal about yourself in liking and commenting on posts, sharing updates about your life, revealing locations you visited and following celebrities you like.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This article is part of a <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/topics\/data-privacy-series-175900\">series on data privacy<\/a> that explores who collects your data, what and how they collect, who sells and buys your data, what they all do with it, and what you can do about it.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/kassem-fawaz-2340533\">Kassem Fawaz<\/a>, Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-wisconsin-madison-939\">University of Wisconsin-Madison<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/jack-west-2340545\">Jack West<\/a>, PhD Student in Computer Science, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-wisconsin-madison-939\">University of Wisconsin-Madison<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-hidden-cost-of-convenience-how-your-data-pulls-in-hundreds-of-billions-of-dollars-for-app-and-social-media-companies-251698\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kassem Fawaz, University of Wisconsin-Madison and Jack West, University of Wisconsin-Madison You wake up in the morning and, first thing, you open your weather app. You close that pesky ad that opens first and check the forecast. You like your weather app, which shows hourly weather forecasts for your location. And the app is free! [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":39823,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5,291,25,36,28,38,8],"tags":[4541,527,16613,885,891,886,860,981,255,15010,16612],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39822"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/56"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39822"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39822\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39824,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39822\/revisions\/39824"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}