{"id":42115,"date":"2026-03-24T07:15:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T14:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=42115"},"modified":"2026-03-24T14:41:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T21:41:14","slug":"the-worlds-great-fish-migrations-are-collapsing-thats-a-problem-for-millions-of-people","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/the-worlds-great-fish-migrations-are-collapsing-thats-a-problem-for-millions-of-people\/","title":{"rendered":"The world\u2019s great fish migrations are collapsing \u2013 that\u2019s a problem for millions of people"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Zeb Hogan<\/a>, University of Nevada, Reno<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hidden beneath the surface of the world\u2019s rivers, some of Earth\u2019s great animal movements unfold \u2013 migrations that rival<\/a>, in sheer biomass, the famous mass movements of zebra and wildebeest across the Serengeti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For centuries, fish migrations were as predictable as the seasons. Salmon, sturgeon, giant catfish and many other species moved through rivers in vast numbers, guided by<\/a> rising water, flood pulses and evolved biological cues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These species are extraordinarily diverse, ranging from beluga sturgeon<\/a> \u2013 massive fish that can live for more than a century and produce the world\u2019s most prized caviar \u2013 to giant river carp<\/a>, tropical eels<\/a>, gold-flecked shad and goliath catfish, all of which travel to survive, in some cases over hundreds or even thousands of miles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Their journeys can span continents. But the fish and their migrations are disappearing<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A
The author, Zeb Hogan, holds a goonch underwater in the Ramganga River in northern India. The giant catfish was tagged and released to study its migration. Rob Taylor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

For most migratory fish, movement is not optional; it is how they survive. When dams block routes, when fishing intensifies at migratory bottlenecks and when floodplains and spawning grounds are cut off or degraded, most migratory fish do not simply go somewhere else. They cannot. First the migration thins, then it falters. In some rivers, especially those blocked by dams, it disappears altogether<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A new global assessment<\/a> I led for the March 2026 international meeting of parties to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals provides the clearest picture yet of this decline \u2013 and what\u2019s needed to stop it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

My co-authors and I reviewed more than 15,000 species of freshwater fish, identified which of them migrate, and assessed their conservation status, or risk of extinction<\/a>. We then focused on migratory species with declining populations and identified those where countries will have to work together to help them recover and thrive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A
The giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis<\/em>) is Cambodia\u2019s national fish. Its populations have fallen dramatically as they lose habitat and face overfishing. Zeb Hogan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The results are sobering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We identified 325 migratory freshwater fish species<\/a> as candidates for coordinated international conservation actions under the Convention on Migratory Species treaty<\/a>. Many of the largest species, the giants that make the longest and most dramatic journeys, are in the most trouble. Among migratory fish already listed under the Convention on Migratory Species, 97% are at risk of extinction<\/a>. In Asia, populations of migratory freshwater megafish have declined<\/a> by over 95% since 1970.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The disappearing giants of the Mekong<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

For the past 25 years, I have studied the world\u2019s largest freshwater fish as a biologist<\/a> at the University of Nevada, Reno; host of Nat Geo Wild\u2019s Monster Fish documentary<\/a> series; and the Convention on Migratory Species councilor for freshwater fish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of these extraordinary animals, the Mekong giant catfish<\/a>, grows to more than 650 pounds. It once migrated hundreds of miles along the Mekong River, supporting fisheries and cultural traditions across the region. Today it is critically endangered because dams are blocking<\/a> its route to spawning grounds and overfishing at migration bottlenecks is killing the large adults that the population depends on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A
This Mekong giant catfish was tagged and released as part of a long-term partnership between the Cambodian Fisheries Administration, scientists and local communities. Zeb Hogan<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In Cambodia, small migratory fish known as trey riel are so significant that they gave their name to the national currency. In South Asia, one migratory shad, the hilsa<\/a>, is so culturally important that it is sometimes given as a wedding gift, wrapped in ornate cloth and adorned with flowers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Migrations of these fish, like migrations of buffalo on the American plains once did, shape ecosystems, livelihoods and culture. In the Mekong Basin alone, fisheries produce over 2 million metric tons of food<\/a> each year, helping to feed tens of millions of people. When these fish disappear, people suffer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Long migrations under threat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Declines are unfolding in other great river systems as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Amazon, some of the largest catfish on Earth migrate across much of the continent. The dorado, or gilded catfish, can reach six and a half feet (2 meters) in length and complete a migration of more than 6,000 miles (10,000 kilometers)<\/a> between Andean headwaters and coastal nurseries, the longest freshwater fish migration ever recorded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At Teot\u00f4nio Rapids between Bolivia and Brazil, fishers once hung from wooden scaffolding above turbulent waters to spear dorado as they surged upstream \u2013 until the rapids were flooded by new dams. Altered river flows, barriers and overfishing are increasingly disrupting these journeys, and dorado populations<\/a> in upstream Bolivia have plummeted. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Across the Northern Hemisphere, migratory fish such as salmon, sturgeon and shad have suffered major losses because rivers have been dammed and polluted, while many populations were heavily overfished.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Columbia River basin, dam construction transformed an immense river system into a series of dams and reservoirs<\/a> and blocked fish from large parts of their historical range.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In South Asia, fish such as mahseer<\/a>, goonch catfish and hilsa<\/a> are also declining under pressure from dams, overharvesting, sand mining, pollution and habitat loss, even as they remain central to fisheries and river cultures across the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Indus basins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why migratory fish are struggling<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Migratory freshwater fish depend on long, connected river corridors, often across multiple countries. Dams<\/a>, habitat fragmentation, pollution, overfishing and climate-driven changes<\/a> are breaking those connections. Once routes are cut, populations can collapse quickly<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is increasingly an international problem. More than 250 rivers and lakes worldwide cross national borders, and about 47% of Earth\u2019s land surface lies within shared river basins<\/a>. Yet freshwater fish are still too often managed at a local or national scale, as if rivers and fish movements stop at political boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is why international agreements matter. The Convention on Migratory Species<\/a> is the only global treaty specifically designed to encourage countries to work together to conserve migratory animals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"a
Wallago catfish are in decline in the Mekong River Basin, largely because of overfishing and habitat loss. Courtesy of Zeb Hogan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

For freshwater fish, cooperation can begin with something as simple as countries sharing data and can extend to coordinated actions to reduce overharvesting, protect floodplains and spawning grounds, and keep rivers connected. The most fundamental solution is to manage rivers as connected ecological systems rather than as isolated national waterways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of the 325 species we identified as priorities<\/a>, many could be considered for listing under the convention. Listing does not automatically save a fish, but it provides a mechanism to enable countries to coordinate monitoring, management and conservation across borders. That matters because freshwater fish remain underrepresented in international conservation policy<\/a>, despite the scale of their decline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We found that the river basins where international cooperation is now most urgently needed<\/a> include the Amazon and La Plata-Paran\u00e1 in South America, the Danube in Europe, the Mekong in Asia, the Nile in Africa and the Ganges-Brahmaputra in South Asia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Hundreds
North America\u2019s salmon are one example of fish whose migrations have been impeded by dams. Roger Tabor\/USFWS<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How to bring back migratory fish<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Restoring migratory fish populations means keeping healthy rivers free-flowing<\/a>, reconnecting rivers fragmented by dams and channelization, improving fisheries management, protecting floodplains and wetlands, and restoring habitats that have been drained, cleared or isolated by development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are examples of success. In Washington state, dam removals on the Elwha and White Salmon rivers reopened habitat that had been inaccessible for migrating fish for about a century, allowing Chinook, coho, steelhead and lamprey to return<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The world\u2019s great fish migrations have not disappeared everywhere, but they are fading. This new assessment offers a clearer picture of where international cooperation is most urgently needed. It is up to humanity to protect these extraordinary aquatic animals, which support millions of people<\/a> enrich their lives, and make the world a more wondrous place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zeb Hogan<\/a>, Professor of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zeb Hogan, University of Nevada, Reno Hidden beneath the surface of the world\u2019s rivers, some of Earth\u2019s great animal movements unfold \u2013 migrations that rival, in sheer biomass, the famous mass movements of zebra and wildebeest across the Serengeti. For centuries, fish migrations were as predictable as the seasons. Salmon, sturgeon, giant catfish and many […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":42116,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5,1862,15306,46,42,10,25,118,296,4],"tags":[650,563,312,584,4613,885,891,886,860,13857,1579,4886],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42115"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/56"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42115"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42115\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42117,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42115\/revisions\/42117"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}