{"id":42498,"date":"2026-05-23T07:15:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-23T14:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=42498"},"modified":"2026-05-26T08:44:53","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T15:44:53","slug":"cuba-needs-a-long%e2%80%91term-solution-to-its-energy-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/cuba-needs-a-long%e2%80%91term-solution-to-its-energy-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Cuba needs a long\u2011term solution to its energy&nbsp;crisis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/luisa-blanco-2473334\">Luisa Blanco<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/pepperdine-university-2617\">Pepperdine University<\/a><\/em>; <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/institute-for-humane-studies-6588\">Institute for Humane Studies<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/isabella-elias-2687252\">Isabella Elias<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/pepperdine-university-2617\">Pepperdine University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cuba <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2026\/05\/14\/world\/americas\/cuba-oil-energy-crisis.html\">has run out of oil<\/a>, the country\u2019s energy minister announced on May 14, 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It marks a new depth to the island\u2019s energy crisis, which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.presidencia.gob.cu\/es\/noticias\/el-bloqueo-energetico-causa-que-agrava-la-situacion-del-sistema-electroenergetico-nacional\/\">has gotten worse in recent months<\/a> amid the tightening of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2026\/01\/addressing-threats-to-the-united-states-by-the-government-of-cuba\/\">U.S. sanctions<\/a> imposed in January 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio announced on May 13 that the U.S. continues to be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/releases\/office-of-the-spokesperson\/2026\/05\/the-united-states-is-ready-to-provide-100-million-in-direct-assistance-to-the-cuban-people-if-the-cuban-regime-will-permit-it\">ready to offer humanitarian assistance<\/a> of up to US$100 million \u2013 but only if Cuba reforms its communist government. The State Department did not provide many specifics, but according to Archbishop Thomas Wenski of Miami, who is involved in the discussions on behalf of the Catholic Church in its role as distribution partner of U.S. aid, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.catholicworldreport.com\/2026\/05\/14\/u-s-state-department-renews-100m-cuba-aid-offer-for-church-led-distribution\/\">a regime change would be necessary<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But at current prices, this aid would buy only about 20 days\u2019 worth of oil for the island nation, covering a mere <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/countries\/cuba\/energy-mix\">5% of Cuba\u2019s annual oil import<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As an <a href=\"https:\/\/publicpolicy.pepperdine.edu\/academics\/faculty\/luisa-blanco\/\">economist specializing in Latin America<\/a> and a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/isabella-elias21\/\">master\u2019s candidate in public policy<\/a>, we believe that the broader history of Cuba\u2019s energy sector sheds some light on the current situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" title=\"Venezuela used to be Cuba&#039;s top oil supplier\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/sDXip\/5\/#?secret=GRIoeMNHNP\" data-secret=\"GRIoeMNHNP\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"480\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>Dependence on foreign oil<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For most of Cuba\u2019s history, its energy capabilities lacked a stable infrastructure. This was primarily due to its dependence on foreign countries for the supply of oil necessary to produce electricity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the official history of the state-run energy company, Union El\u00e9ctrica, until 1956 only about 56% of the country\u2019s population <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unionelectrica.cu\/historia\/\">had access to electricity<\/a>. By 1992, that number had grown to 95%, largely due to fuel supplies and technological aid sourced from the former Soviet Union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, beginning in 1989, the weakening and eventual <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/articles\/fall-of-soviet-union\">fall of the Soviet Union<\/a> marked a return to energy insecurity, and electricity produced in Cuba <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/esa\/sustdev\/publications\/energy_indicators\/chapter4.pdf\">fell by 25% by 1994<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1998, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/107454\/hugo-chavez-by-cristina-marcano-alberto-barrera-tyszka\/\">Hugo Chavez<\/a> was elected president of Venezuela. Within a year, he had negotiated a deal with Cuban President <a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/title\/52477256\">Fidel Castro<\/a> that made Venezuela <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2026\/01\/17\/world\/americas\/cuba-venezuela-oil-power-blackouts.html\">the main provider of Cuban oil<\/a>. This was a lifeline for Cuba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/WITS\/WITS\/AdvanceQuery\/RawTradeData\/QueryDefinition.aspx?Page=RawTradeData\">Venezuela was the largest exporter<\/a> of petroleum and oil to Cuba through 2021. And though there is no data past 2021, we know that Venezuela continued to be a major oil supplier to Cuba until Jan. 3, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.war.gov\/News\/News-Stories\/Article\/Article\/4393256\/hegseth-touts-deterrent-effect-of-venezuela-raid-during-first-2026-cabinet-meet\/\">when U.S. forces captured<\/a> Venezuelan President Nicol\u00e1s Maduro in Caracas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" title=\"Cuba remains highly dependent on oil over alternative energy sources\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/gdv7E\/3\/#?secret=pNhMLGpYEj\" data-secret=\"pNhMLGpYEj\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"503\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>Finding a long-term solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The current U.S. embargo on Cuba now puts the nation in a situation similar to the one it faced when the USSR fell. Memories of 1989 linger in the minds of many Cubans. The cause may be different, but the blackouts Cuba is now experiencing are not new.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As oil limitations persist, Cuba is increasingly looking to alternative sources of energy, and it has found one <a href=\"https:\/\/corporateknights.com\/energy\/a-incipient-solar-lifeline-for-cuba\/\">solution in solar power<\/a>. Historical experience with energy insecurity and the recent blackouts have helped spur the transition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Still, the nation relies heavily on oil for most of its energy production. According to data from the International Energy Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/countries\/cuba\/energy-mix\">oil accounts for 83% of Cuba\u2019s energy production<\/a>, while solar accounts for just 0.84%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And a transition to solar energy does not necessarily equate to energy independence. Indeed, part of Cuba\u2019s transition to solar energy has already been expedited by assistance from foreign nations, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2026\/05\/13\/climate\/cuba-solar-us-oil-blockade-trump-china\">including China<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theenergymix.com\/china-moving-in-with-solar-as-cuban-fuel-crisis-deepens\/\">Brazil<\/a>. China\u2019s contributions through its <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chieco.2016.07.007\">Belt and Road Initiative<\/a>, as well as Brazil\u2019s assistance, indicate that Cuba\u2019s reliance on foreign powers for energy will likely continue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But at this point, one thing is clear: There is no short-term, immediate solution to satisfying the oil energy requirements of Cuba\u2019s electrical grid. There is a clear need for a long-term solution to a long-term problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whatever Cuba chooses to do about its energy crisis, it will also remain dependent on foreign nations. The questions are, which nations and how dependent?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/luisa-blanco-2473334\">Luisa Blanco<\/a>, Professor of Public Policy, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/pepperdine-university-2617\">Pepperdine University<\/a><\/em>; <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/institute-for-humane-studies-6588\">Institute for Humane Studies<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/isabella-elias-2687252\">Isabella Elias<\/a>, Master of Public Policy Candidate, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/pepperdine-university-2617\">Pepperdine University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/cuba-needs-a-long-term-solution-to-its-energy-crisis-281726\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Luisa Blanco, Pepperdine University; Institute for Humane Studies and Isabella Elias, Pepperdine University Cuba has run out of oil, the country\u2019s energy minister announced on May 14, 2026. It marks a new depth to the island\u2019s energy crisis, which has gotten worse in recent months amid the tightening of U.S. sanctions imposed in January 2026. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":42499,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5,277,46,42,10,296,36,27,4,15533,38],"tags":[9464,252,2020,192,1590,3181,17796,885,891,886,860,14506,235,11864,12297,17492,2811],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42498"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/56"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42498"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42498\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42500,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42498\/revisions\/42500"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42499"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}