When you exit the elevated number 7 subway at the 74th Street station in the Jackson Heights section of New York City, a walk northward immediately puts you in a Little India. Bhangra music blares and shop windows display saris, while a halal restaurant features beef ribs, fried chicken and daal.<\/p>\n
Head east from the same station, however, and within a few blocks, signs of South Asia give way to Mexican taco stands, Colombian, Peruvian and Ecuadoran restaurants, and the rhythms of Latin music.<\/p>\n
Jackson Heights, Queens is one of the most diverse places in the nation. Half<\/a> of the neighborhood\u2019s residents speak Spanish. Others speak Chinese, Urdu, Hindi, Russian, Portuguese, Greek or Korean. Altogether, the neighborhood is said to be the home of 167 languages<\/a>.<\/p>\n And it\u2019s this medley of cultures that is the subject of Frederick Wiseman\u2019s 190-minute documentary \u201cIn Jackson Heights,\u201d<\/a> which, with subtlety and humanity, explores life amid these sharp ethnic juxtapositions.<\/p>\n The film also tackles two big facets of urban life in America: economic change and immigration.<\/p>\n Americans have long held conflicted ideas about cities.<\/p>\n Thomas Jefferson feared that city life, in contrast to that of a farmer who worked his own land, led to economic dependency that was incompatible with democratic citizenship.<\/p>\n Progressives in the early 20th century railed against the poverty and corruption of cities, but they also saw them as dynamic places that could, with reform, become crucibles of a vigorous democracy. African Americans who left the rural South with the hope of building better lives in northern cities discovered the limits of their country\u2019s democratic promises.<\/p>\n And while Donald Trump fulminates against Mexican immigrants, he fails to acknowledge that Latino immigrants prevented New York and other cities from experiencing catastrophic population losses in the 1970s and 1980s.<\/p>\n Today, cities and their surrounding regions are sites of great ethnic diversity, driven by immigration<\/a> and deepening economic inequality<\/a>.<\/p>\n Yet even as immigrants head for the suburbs<\/a> in ever increasing numbers, it is in cities \u2013 with their dense populations and vigorous street life \u2013 where the trials of becoming an American, and the pains of globalization, are playing out in real time.<\/p>\n \u201cIn Jackson Heights\u201d gets at all of these issues through its exquisite attention to the minute rhythms of life in one neighborhood.<\/p>\n Wiseman\u2019s opening shot looks down on a grid of streets beneath the number 7 elevated subway train. Then he quickly descends to the street level. His film lyrically depicts multicolored shops, men praying in a mosque, a meeting of LGBT residents at the Jewish Center of Jackson Heights and a gathering at the local office of Make the Road New York, an organization that fights for Latino and working-class communities.<\/p>\n Most of my ventures into Jackson Heights in Queens over the last 30 years have been to eat Indian food on 74th Street. Wiseman\u2019s film, however, shifted my attention to the Latinos of Jackson Heights and their precarious economic situation, which is threatened by gentrification.<\/p>\n The film\u2019s genius lies in its attention to individual speakers\u2019 eloquent descriptions of their predicaments, translated in subtitles where necessary. In one scene, a woman recounts a harrowing border crossing. In another, a man says to other Latinos, \u201cWe give our lives and our sweat so this nation moves forward! Let\u2019s be proud of ourselves, of our work, and of our countries.\u201d<\/p>\n At one point, a small businessman explains how economic development plans for the neighborhood can backfire: they raise real estate taxes, which then lead to rent increases that drive out small businesses \u2013 the very economic engine that sustained the neighborhood in the first place.<\/p>\n In heterogeneous Jackson Heights, getting city dwellers to organize around common goals is one of the great challenges of democratic politics.<\/p>\n The past is a reminder, however, that solidarity reaps rewards.<\/p>\n In the early 20th century, Jewish and Italian garment workers marched together to win better working conditions. During the Great Depression and World War II, immigrants and their children in New York City \u2013 led by Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia and supported by federal New Deal programs \u2013 made Gotham a more just and egalitarian city.<\/p>\n The urban New Deal order collapsed under its own contradictions (it didn\u2019t serve blacks as well as it served whites). Still, as I learned while researching my book \u201cCrossing Broadway: Washington Heights and the Promise of New York City<\/a>,\u201d upper Manhattan was saved from housing decay, arson, high crime and the worst effects of poverty by the combined efforts of Dominican, Jewish, Irish and African-American activists.<\/p>\n As Wiseman details in his film, the accomplishments of LGBT activists in Jackson Heights have allowed the community to learn to live with differences and oppose violence.<\/p>\n I was dimly aware that Jackson Heights had a history of anti-gay violence. But I was shocked to see memorials to two murdered gay men \u2013 Julio Rivera, killed in 1990, and Edgar Garzon, slain in 2001 \u2013 barely four blocks from the street where I had dined for years in Indian restaurants. Those killings sparked community organizing and political action that led to the election to the city council of a former public school teacher named Daniel Dromm<\/a>.<\/p>\n In Wiseman\u2019s film, Dromm ably reconciles the specific needs of his constituents with his generous commitment to social justice. From leading community meetings to marching in the Queens LGBT Pride Parade, Dromm\u2019s concrete achievements and unfinished struggles suggest the capacity of ordinary New Yorkers to embrace ideals of inclusion and equality that seemed very distant only 30 years ago.<\/p>\n In the shadow of gentrification, however, economic diversity \u2013 and justice \u2013 seem far less assured. The hard work of the immigrants who animate \u201cIn Jackson Heights\u201d is not, by itself, enough to ensure their future in New York City.<\/p>\n The immigrant workers in Jackson Heights face not just the kind of chiseling bosses that could be found in sweatshops a century ago, but the new challenges of globalization and gentrification. Where the LGBT movement could change the neighborhood by gaining political power and changing attitudes, it\u2019s clear that addressing the economic inequalities that bedevil immigrants will require even more elusive structural changes on a citywide, regional, national \u2013 and even international \u2013 scale.<\/p>\n Of course, no single neighborhood is New York City in microcosm. A film about another part of the city \u2013 southeast Queens, for example, with its large African-American communities \u2013 might be able to say more about the racism that continues to blight African-American urban life.<\/p>\n Nevertheless, by looking closely at one neighborhood, Wiseman has revealed some large and important truths about the many ways in which immigration<\/a>, in all its human diversity, is creating a new United States of America.<\/p>\n Contrary to Jefferson\u2019s concerns, these New Yorkers have more than enough energy to support themselves without falling into dependency. In their meetings and events, they tend to the public life of a democracy with energy and care. Their labor sustains the city<\/a> and the nation\u2019s economy.<\/p>\n When \u201cIn Jackson Heights\u201d closes with the elevated number 7 subway speeding toward Manhattan as fireworks burst overhead, it seems that the urban future of the American dream is in good hands \u2013 as long as the people of Jackson Heights don\u2019t get priced out.<\/p>\n Robert Snyder<\/a>, Associate Professor of Journalism and American Studies , Rutgers University Newark <\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n This article was originally published on The Conversation<\/a>. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" In a New York City neighborhood, the challenges \u2013 and potential \u2013 for America’s urban future Robert Snyder, Rutgers University Newark When you exit the elevated number 7 subway at the 74th Street station in the Jackson Heights section of New York City, a walk northward immediately puts you in a Little India. Bhangra music […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":4536,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[279,277,296,38],"tags":[450,453,456,454,335,451,452,455],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4535"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/40"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4535"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4535\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4537,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4535\/revisions\/4537"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4535"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}The 21st-century city<\/h2>\n
The view from the pavement<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com\/files\/110039\/width237\/image-20160202-32227-s4bwm5.jpg\")
\n doug turetsky\/flickr<\/a>, CC BY-NC-ND<\/a><\/span>
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\nUniting around a cause<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com\/files\/110041\/width668\/image-20160202-32218-4qjjlk.jpg\")
\n JoeInQueens\/flickr<\/a>, CC BY<\/a><\/span>
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\nThe looming specter of gentrification<\/h2>\n
![\"The](\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.edu.au\/content\/52421\/count.gif\")
<\/p>\n