{"id":8896,"date":"2017-03-30T19:10:22","date_gmt":"2017-03-30T19:10:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=8896"},"modified":"2017-03-30T19:10:22","modified_gmt":"2017-03-30T19:10:22","slug":"will-trump-continue-to-pull-from-a-pro-wrestling-playbook","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/will-trump-continue-to-pull-from-a-pro-wrestling-playbook\/","title":{"rendered":"Will Trump continue to pull from a pro wrestling playbook?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/r-tyson-smith-203556\">R. Tyson Smith<\/a>, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/muhlenberg-college-2052\">Muhlenberg College<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>During a panel at Harvard on March 7 on press and the presidency, political journalist Jessica Yellin <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/SccJSSLCU9w?t=20m59s\">described<\/a> Donald Trump\u2019s conflict with the press as \u201cWWF, media edition: In one corner, Donald Trump, defending the anti-institutionalist position, fighting the elites. In the other corner, the media, defending their honor. We all know conflict does well with readers, with viewers.\u201d  <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.edu.au\/content\/74356\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Yellin\u2019s reference to World Wrestling Entertainment (the WWE, formerly known as the WWF) points to something deeper: the striking parallels between Trump\u2019s political style and professional wrestling.<\/p>\n<p>His connections to professional wrestling run deep, and, even if he isn\u2019t consciously drawing from the professional wrestling playbook, at the very least he intuitively understands its performative power \u2013 its ability to enrapture audiences, tell a story and dominate headlines. <\/p>\n<p>As a scholar who researched professional wrestling, I saw, in Trump the candidate \u2013 with his bombastic rhetoric and bravado \u2013 a distinctly pro-wrestling style. But now that he has transitioned from campaigning into an actual leadership role, can it translate into legislative action? Can he be a showman who also establishes legitimacy, builds alliances and delivers the goods? <\/p>\n<h2>Trump\u2019s wrestling ties<\/h2>\n<p>In professional wrestling, two (or more) opponents stage a violent fight in front of paying spectators. Unlike competitive sports, pro wrestling is premised on telling the best story. As a performer it doesn\u2019t matter if you win; what matters is the strength of the emotional response you generate from fans. <\/p>\n<p>Matches are typically fought between a good guy (in wrestling parlance, a \u201cbaby-face\u201d or \u201cface\u201d) and a bad guy (\u201cheel\u201d). Characters and storylines commonly revolve around age-old scripts about injustice, vengeance and good triumphing over evil \u2013 with violence always celebrated as a means to resolve conflict.<\/p>\n<p>The American understanding of pro wrestling has come to be synonymous with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/chrissmith\/2016\/07\/12\/ufc-vs-wwe-how-much-more-is-real-fighting-worth\/#3043d27e50f0\">highly profitable<\/a> and powerful World Wrestling Entertainment Corporation. The publicly-traded business, <a href=\"https:\/\/sports.vice.com\/en_us\/article\/jess-mcmahon-boxing-promoter-and-sire-of-the-wwe\">founded by Jess McMahon<\/a> in the early 1950s, produces televised live events that are broadcast to millions of homes around the world year-round. <\/p>\n<p>Trump doesn\u2019t simply possess a performative style that resembles those of pro wrestlers. For years he\u2019s been connected with WWE and has actually <a href=\"https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/2669447-donald-trump-a-history-of-the-presidential-candidates-involvement-with-wwe\">participated in several of their shows<\/a>.  <\/p>\n<p>Atlantic City\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wwe.com\/shows\/wrestlemania\/4\/venue\">Trump Plaza<\/a> hosted WrestleMania IV and V. In 2007 he performed in WrestleMania 23, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5NsrwH9I9vE\">attacking WWE CEO Vince McMahon<\/a> in the \u201cBattle of the Billionaires.\u201d Two years later, he reemerged in a storyline in which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NgPD21FGdP8\">he claimed to have bought Raw<\/a>, WWE\u2019s Monday night program, from McMahon, setting off another \u201cfeud\u201d between the two. <\/p>\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/G1_eb08oocA?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Stone Cold Steve Austin unleashes his signature \u2018stone cold stunner\u2019 on Trump in 2007.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>His close ties to pro wrestling are such that <a href=\"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/317149-senate-panel-approves-trump-pick-to-lead-sba\">he picked Linda McMahon<\/a>, the wife of Vince McMahon and the former CEO of WWE, to lead his administration\u2019s Small Business Administration. <\/p>\n<h2>A WWE campaign<\/h2>\n<p>Trump\u2019s campaign kickoff certainly had a WWE feel to it. <\/p>\n<p>On June 16, 2015, with Neil Young\u2019s \u201cRockin in the Free World\u201d blaring, he descended an escalator at Trump Tower before a crowd of onlookers \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hollywoodreporter.com\/news\/donald-trump-campaign-offered-actors-803161\">some paid<\/a> \u2013 who flashed their cellphone cameras and waved signs. <\/p>\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ab9AnZaLL1U?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Trump announces his presidency in 2015 at a staged event at Trump Tower.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The stage was smaller, and there weren\u2019t any pyrotechnics, but the parallels were unmistakable. And after the opening bell, it was one brash pugilistic move followed by another.<\/p>\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/beQjzRZuB4c?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">WWE wrestler Kurt Angle enters the ring prior to a championship bout against The Undertaker.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>He dispatched soundbite slogans and 140-character tweets that reduced complex groups and issues into simplistic stereotypes and remedies (\u201cBuild That Wall,\u201d \u201cLock Her Up,\u201d \u201cDrain the Swamp\u201d and, most famously, \u201cMake America Great Again!\u201d). Like the catchy slogans of wrestling stars \u2013 \u201cYou\u2019re fired!\u201d (Vince McMahon), \u201cRest in Peace!\u201d (The Undertaker), \u201cKnow Your Role and Shut Your Mouth!\u201d (The Rock) \u2013 the phrases can be easily remembered, even emblazoned on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lasatee.com\/products\/drain-the-swamps-t-shirt?utm_medium=cpc&amp;utm_source=googlepla&amp;gclid=CKm6-vaZ6NICFZaKswodCecFlA\">T-shirts<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1427\/9954\/products\/H4-R_1024x1024.jpg?v=1486064096\">hats<\/a> or <a href=\"http:\/\/static.politico.com\/27\/3d\/18ff1c914adba433756f2038d6ff\/lockherup-gty.jpg\">signs<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>During a rally in New Hampshire, Trump took a page directly out of the pro-wrestling playbook, working the crowd with an interactive call-and-response. Feigning the constraints of political correctness, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/video\/2016\/02\/08\/donald_trump_ted_cruz_a_pussy.html\">he got a supporter to call Ted Cruz a \u201cpussy\u201d<\/a> for not endorsing torture. <\/p>\n<p>The in-ring action in pro wrestling is often a minor part of the drama. Behind the scenes, extensive backstaging, communications, and props \u2013 from in-ring whispers exchanged with opponents to colorful tales of infidelity made by commentators \u2013 enhance the drama and optics. A two-hour WWE show often displays less than 15 minutes of in-ring physicality.<\/p>\n<p>Trump utilized similar tactics, like when <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/10\/11\/us\/politics\/bill-clinton-accusers-debate.html\">he brought a group of women<\/a> who had accused Bill Clinton of infidelity to one of the debates.<\/p>\n<p>His January press conference \u2013 which was supposed to allay concerns about his involvement in the family business \u2013 was another command performance. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2017\/01\/trump-press-conference-paid-staffers-media-233496\">He enlisted paid staffers<\/a> to applaud his answers, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehill.com\/homenews\/administration\/313777-trump-berates-cnn-reporter-for-fake-news\">attacked a CNN reporter<\/a> (calling the network\u2019s coverage \u201cfake news\u201d) and covered a table with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/news\/politics\/2017\/01\/12\/what-was-those-folders-donald-trump-press-conference\/BVq5qgRjAKk2rpICgQEOTN\/story.html\">stacks of folders<\/a> that were purportedly brimming with important business documents. <\/p>\n<p>Finally there\u2019s the \u201cus vs. them\u201d dynamic \u2013 which Jessica Yellin alluded to \u2013 that became central to Trump\u2019s style and appeal. He identified and tapped into a strand of voter malaise \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/fixgov\/2016\/11\/28\/middle-americas-malaise\/\">especially among whites<\/a> \u2013 that few others saw, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vST61W4bGm8\">formulating a basic storyline<\/a> that resonated: He was the underdog out to exact revenge on the powerful establishment \u2013 the political, business and media elites who had sold out the interests of the little guy in their embrace of trade deals, corruption and open borders.<\/p>\n<p>Trump, on the other hand, would be their <a href=\"http:\/\/1v1d1e1lmiki1lgcvx32p49h8fe.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/GettyImages-632198430-960x540.jpg\">fist-pumping<\/a> champion.<\/p>\n<h2>What happens when the show\u2019s over?<\/h2>\n<p>Blurring the line between truth and fiction has always been at the heart of pro wrestling. Just like moviegoers, fans know that it\u2019s an act. But for the sake of being entertained, they\u2019re willing to suspend disbelief. <\/p>\n<p>It worked in Trump\u2019s campaign, but can this style succeed during a presidency? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-presidents-credibility-1490138920\">It\u2019s difficult for a leader to maintain legitimacy<\/a> when he\u2019s repeatedly caught in lies, whether it\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2017\/jan\/22\/trump-inauguration-crowd-sean-spicers-claims-versus-the-evidence\">the size of his inauguration crowd<\/a> or <a href=\"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2017\/feb\/08\/donald-trump\/donald-trump-wrong-murder-rate-highest-47-years\/\">the homicide rate being at an all-time high<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>Moreover, some early decisions have directly contradicted earlier rhetoric.  With Cabinet picks that <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/pictures\/donald-trumps-14-billion-cabinet\/\">have accumulated more than US$15 billion in wealth<\/a>, it\u2019s difficult to see how Trump will \u201cdrain\u201d the D.C. \u201cswamp\u201d of special interests. <\/p>\n<p>In the end, actual policy will most likely make or break Trump\u2019s presidency. He must be able to help voters and work with Congress to pass his agenda.<\/p>\n<p>While wrestling stars usually appear invincible on screen, most of the work <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dukeupress.edu\/fighting-for-recognition\/?viewby=title\">is bruising and far from glamorous<\/a>. Aside from a small cadre of top WWE performers, most pro wrestlers perform for little to no pay in local venues before small crowds of devoted fans. They destroy their bodies, receive little, if any, healthcare and endure grueling schedules.<\/p>\n<p>Although they face little physical danger, politicians also conduct extensive behind-the-scenes work that can be grueling and thankless. Successful politics requires building coalitions, consideration of opposing viewpoints, understanding policy and sitting through numerous meetings. Is Trump willing to put in such work? <\/p>\n<p>The health of American bodies, interestingly enough, has been his biggest leadership test to date. In the weeks after the election, some <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/plum-line\/wp\/2016\/12\/27\/these-coal-country-voters-backed-trump-now-theyre-worried-about-losing-obamacare\/?utm_term=.0c2ebd29404a\">Trump voters were surprised<\/a> to find out that they really might lose their health insurance. Nonetheless, Trump made repealing and replacing the Affordable Care Act his first major legislative initiative. The plan \u2013 which would have  cut the coverage of an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/publication\/52486\">estimated 24 million Americans<\/a> \u2013 never even made it to a vote.<\/p>\n<p>One reason could be that Trump and Congress spent only 63 days formulating and debating the legislation, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/entry\/health-care-republicans-repeal-obamacare_us_58d81295e4b03787d3598bf6?0r&amp;\">compared to the year<\/a> it took the Obama administration to advance and pass the Affordable Care Act.<\/p>\n<p>While health care has captured headlines, significant threat comes from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2017\/03\/15\/us\/politics\/trump-budget-proposal.html?_r=0\">his proposed budget cuts<\/a>, which will slash environmental, housing, diplomatic, educational and food programs, such as \u201cmeals on wheels.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Like most forms of entertainment, the fans of pro wrestling want to get lost in the drama and yearn to be distracted from everyday life. Performers routinely get injured \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/video\/x2kgca2\">and sometimes even die<\/a> \u2013 yet the crowd is safe and removed from the violence. <\/p>\n<p>With Trump, the tables are turned: He\u2019ll likely emerge with his health and finances intact while the crowd bears the risk. If millions of his supporters realize the pain, they will soon be seeing him as a \u201cheel.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/r-tyson-smith-203556\">R. Tyson Smith<\/a>, Visiting Assistant Professor of Sociology, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/muhlenberg-college-2052\">Muhlenberg College<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This article was originally published on <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a>. Read the <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/will-trump-continue-to-pull-from-a-pro-wrestling-playbook-74356\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R. Tyson Smith, Muhlenberg College During a panel at Harvard on March 7 on press and the presidency, political journalist Jessica Yellin described Donald Trump\u2019s conflict with the press as \u201cWWF, media edition: In one corner, Donald Trump, defending the anti-institutionalist position, fighting the elites. In the other corner, the media, defending their honor. We [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":8897,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[36],"tags":[2113,479,15,1336,2115,536,2114],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8896"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8896"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8896\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8898,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8896\/revisions\/8898"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}