{"id":9045,"date":"2017-04-25T02:05:12","date_gmt":"2017-04-25T02:05:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=9045"},"modified":"2017-04-26T02:09:08","modified_gmt":"2017-04-26T02:09:08","slug":"what-the-trump-team-should-consider-before-axing-meals-on-wheels-funds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/what-the-trump-team-should-consider-before-axing-meals-on-wheels-funds\/","title":{"rendered":"What the Trump team should consider before axing Meals on Wheels funds"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/david-campbell-357696\">David Campbell<\/a>, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/binghamton-university-state-university-of-new-york-2252\">Binghamton University, State University of New York<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/kristina-lambright-360945\">Kristina Lambright<\/a>, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/binghamton-university-state-university-of-new-york-2252\">Binghamton University, State University of New York<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>To justify President Donald Trump\u2019s aim to spend less on social services, Office of Management and Budget Director <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com.au\/trump-budget-meals-on-wheels-funding-2017-3?r=US&amp;IR=T\">Mick Mulvaney declared<\/a>, \u201cWe can\u2019t spend money on programs just because they sound good.\u201d Who can argue with that?  <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.edu.au\/content\/75906\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Not us.<\/p>\n<p>Like anyone else, we want our taxpayer dollars spent wisely. Funding programs that \u201csound good\u201d but don\u2019t accomplish much seems foolish. Still, this principle is way too broad to apply to complicated budget decisions. Our research suggests that identifying the best spending choices is a lot harder than it sounds. <\/p>\n<h2>Assessing social service programs<\/h2>\n<p>Mulvaney brought up <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mealsonwheelsamerica.org\/\">Meals on Wheels<\/a>, a program that delivers meals to 2.4 million homebound seniors a year, while trying to give a good example of something funded through the Community Development Block Grant program that Trump is seeking to eliminate altogether. The grants \u201cwere just not showing any results,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/the-press-office\/2017\/03\/16\/press-briefing-press-secretary-sean-spicer-3162017-25\">he said<\/a> in mid-March.<\/p>\n<p>The federal government <a href=\"http:\/\/origin-nyi.thehill.com\/blogs\/pundits-blog\/economy-budget\/324211-how-trumps-budget-cuts-could-affect-housing-for-thousands\">spends about US$3 billion<\/a> annually on block-grant funds that states, counties and cities use to meet local needs as they see fit. This money helps make housing more affordable for low-income people, subsidizes child care and, in many communities, covers part of the cost of Meals on Wheels and other programs serving the elderly. <\/p>\n<p>As public administration professors, we have studied how social service programs get assessed. In our <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.2753\/PMR1530-9576360101\">research<\/a> at Binghamton University, we have surveyed and interviewed funders as well as providers of these programs to learn how they measure results and how they use that information once they get it. We found that each defines results in different ways and uses them in different ways, making it hard to prove whether government funded programs like Meals on Wheels \u201cwork.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In one study, for example, we asked 20 funders and 20 providers the open-ended question, \u201cWhy do you collect performance information?\u201d In a number of cases, interviewees provided more than one response.<\/p>\n<p>What <a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/0899764014564578\">we learned<\/a> is that providers often are more interested in improving their programs and becoming more responsive to the people who benefit from them. Funders such as the federal government, on the other hand, tend to prioritize making sure that the programs have the intended outcomes. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/u0Bjp\/2\/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"194\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>However, there are risks to placing so much emphasis on results. This mindset can lead policymakers to a binary choice: Programs work or they don\u2019t. Fund them if they do and defund them if they don\u2019t.<\/p>\n<p>To further complicate matters, social service organizations like Meals on Wheels must provide different kinds of performance-related information to each funder that supports them. Imagine the challenge, let alone confusion, these requirements create. For any one program, there is no single desired result. Each funder can judge a program\u2019s success based on its own standard. <\/p>\n<h2>Meals on Wheels<\/h2>\n<p>Research about Meals on Wheels\u2019 benefits supports our point. Should it improve nutrition? Provide companionship? Enable seniors to remain in their homes? Reduce health care costs? Without agreement on this program\u2019s goals, there\u2019s no single way to evaluate its results. <\/p>\n<p>Mulvaney, for example, may care about one kind of result and the senior eating a delivered meal could care about another. The volunteer who delivered it and the local entity that handled the meal\u2019s logistics might value yet other priorities. <\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-right \">\n            <img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.theconversation.com\/files\/166160\/width237\/file-20170420-20078-2gpj31.jpg\"><figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Meals on Wheels deliveries can help seniors remain at home.<\/span><br \/>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/breadfortheworld\/22308168625\/in\/album-72157659653884569\/\">Bread for the World\/Flickr<\/a>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Since the budget director made this assertion, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/03\/17\/us\/politics\/fact-check-mick-mulvaney-trump-budget-director.html?ref=politics\">reporters<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/mr-president-come-take-a-ride-with-meals-on-wheels\/2017\/04\/07\/1e8173d0-1893-11e7-9887-1a5314b56a08_story.html?utm_term=.4f9c8cb42160\">op-ed writers<\/a> have countered what Mulvaney said about Meals on Wheels, citing studies about the program\u2019s effectiveness. Brown University professors Kali Thomas and Vincent Mor, for instance, found that a mere one percent increase in the number of adults over age 65 receiving home-based meals could save Medicaid <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.0390\">$109 million annually<\/a> by making it easier for the elderly to age in place. <\/p>\n<p>Other studies find that having volunteers visit the home-bound makes them less lonely, less likely to suffer falls and less prone to depression \u2013 positive outcomes that trim health care costs. If Meals on Wheels generates these benefits, why cut spending on it?<\/p>\n<p>Troublingly, if the government scraps Meals on Wheels or other programs, there may not be a replacement. If that happens, the problems the program addresses persist but there\u2019s no longer a plan to address them. Isn\u2019t improving programs a better option?<\/p>\n<p>Social service providers are on the ground and mission-driven. Results matter to them, but not as ends in themselves. Instead, they are motivated to learn how to make good programs more effective and more responsive to the people they serve. Yes, funders must worry about results, but in many cases, they should use them to learn how to improve programs, not as an excuse to end them.    <\/p>\n<h2>Budgetary confusion<\/h2>\n<p>Since Meals on Wheels gets far more federal cash from the Department of Health and Human Services than from block grants, it\u2019s unclear whether the program is in jeopardy even if Congress backs Trump\u2019s plan to scrap the <a href=\"https:\/\/nextcity.org\/daily\/entry\/trump-budget-community-development-block-grants-cdbg-cuts\">Community Development Block Grant<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/ocs\/resource\/csgg-fact-sheet\">Community Services Block Grant<\/a> programs. <\/p>\n<p>But the underlying issue remains: Mulvaney seemed to assume that everyone agrees what it means to say that Meals on Wheels does or does not work, that he\u2019s looked into the matter and has decided that the program doesn\u2019t work. His confusing comments raised a question at the heart of our research. What does it mean when someone claims a program \u201cdoesn\u2019t work\u201d?<\/p>\n<p>Certainly, tax dollars should pay only for programs that work. But that principle is meaningless without context. To learn what works, these programs need clear goals recognized by all stakeholders. While some government-funded programs may not work, Mulvaney and the rest of the Trump administration should provide compelling evidence before defunding programs.<\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/david-campbell-357696\">David Campbell<\/a>, Associate Professor of Public Administration, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/binghamton-university-state-university-of-new-york-2252\">Binghamton University, State University of New York<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/kristina-lambright-360945\">Kristina Lambright<\/a>, Associate Dean of the College of Community and Public Affairs, and an Associate Professor of Public Administration, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/binghamton-university-state-university-of-new-york-2252\">Binghamton University, State University of New York<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This article was originally published on <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a>. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-the-trump-team-should-consider-before-axing-meals-on-wheels-funds-75906\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>David Campbell, Binghamton University, State University of New York and Kristina Lambright, Binghamton University, State University of New York To justify President Donald Trump\u2019s aim to spend less on social services, Office of Management and Budget Director Mick Mulvaney declared, \u201cWe can\u2019t spend money on programs just because they sound good.\u201d Who can argue with [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":9047,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5,277],"tags":[2243,2245,2239,2183,2240,2242,2244,1602,2178,2241],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9045"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9045"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9045\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9048,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9045\/revisions\/9048"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9045"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9045"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9045"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}