{"id":9509,"date":"2017-07-04T20:03:30","date_gmt":"2017-07-04T20:03:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/?p=9509"},"modified":"2017-07-04T20:03:30","modified_gmt":"2017-07-04T20:03:30","slug":"the-supreme-court-takes-on-gerrymandering-6-essential-reads","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/the-supreme-court-takes-on-gerrymandering-6-essential-reads\/","title":{"rendered":"The Supreme Court takes on gerrymandering: 6 essential reads"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aviva Rutkin<\/a>, The Conversation<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Editor\u2019s note: The following is roundup of archival stories.<\/em><\/p>\n

On June 19, the U.S. Supreme Court announced<\/a> that it would hear Gill v. Whitford, a case on partisan gerrymandering in Wisconsin.<\/p>\n

This controversial practice \u2013 where states are carved up into oddly shaped electoral districts favoring one political party over another \u2013 has already ignited debates in a number of states, including North Carolina<\/a>, Pennsylvania<\/a> and Maryland<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The Supreme Court\u2019s decision may provide some long-awaited guidance on whether gerrymandering is constitutional. To better understand what this news means, we turned to stories in our archive.<\/p>\n

What is gerrymandering?<\/h1>\n

Gerrymandering is far from a new problem<\/a>, explains Michel Balinski at \u00c9cole Polytechnique \u2013 Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, nor will this be the first time that the Supreme Court has considered it:<\/p>\n

\n

Practiced as a political art form for some two centuries, gerrymandering is now an exact science. Computer programs using vast data banks describing sociological, ethnic, economic, religious and political characteristics of the electorate determine districts \u2013 often of incredibly weird contours \u2013 that favor the party that drew the maps.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n \"\"<\/a>
\n Ohio congressional districts.<\/span>
\n Ohio Secretary of State<\/span><\/span>
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

For an example of those weird contours, take a look at Ohio\u2019s ninth district, nicknamed \u201cthe snake on the lake<\/a>\u201d for the way it stretches from Toledo to Cleveland. <\/p>\n

\u201cThe representation of communities is made a mockery by maps that either splinter cities and counties or overwhelm them with voters \u2018tacked\u2019 into the district from distant rural areas,\u201d writes Richard Gunther at The Ohio State University<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Weaker elections<\/h1>\n

Americans often seem proud of their democracy, notes Pippa Norris at Harvard University, but experts rank U.S. elections among the worst in all Western democracies. According to one analysis, the U.S. scores only 62<\/a> on a 100-point assessment of election integrity. <\/p>\n

There are many issues with our electoral process \u2013 including problems with campaign finance and voter registration \u2013 but gerrymandering stands out as the worst, writes Norris:<\/p>\n

\n

[A] large part of the blame can be laid at the door of the degree of decentralization and partisanship in American electoral administration. Key decisions about the rules of the game are left to local and state officials with a major stake in the outcome. For example, gerrymandering arises from leaving the processes of redistricting in the hands of state politicians, rather than more impartial judicial bodies.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Thanks to gerrymandering, Democrats likely won\u2019t win back the House in 2018 or 2020<\/a>, predict experts at Strathclyde University, University of Richmond, University of California, Irvine and California Polytechnic State University. They argue that it\u2019s difficult for today\u2019s politicians to claim that gerrymandered districts occurred by accident:<\/p>\n

\n

If a state government could have drawn unbiased districts, but chose to draw to biased districts instead, then it has engaged in deliberate gerrymandering. It cannot claim that it did not realize what it was doing \u2013 modern districting software has allowed enough people to see the partisan consequences.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

In search of solutions<\/h1>\n

Federal law dictates that congressional districts \u201cdistribute population evenly, be connected and be \u2018compact,\u2019\u201d<\/a> explains Kevin Knudson at the University of Florida.<\/p>\n

Scholars have proposed a handful of ideas of how to redraw congressional districts more fairly. States might consider changing how votes are tabulated or appointing an independent commission to redraw the lines. Or, they could turn to new mathematical techniques and run simulations in search of the best map.<\/p>\n

Some voters might wonder why all the bother, says Knudson:<\/p>\n

\n

One approach is to do nothing and leave the system as it is, accepting the current situation as part of the natural ebb and flow of the political process. But when one political party receives a majority of votes nationally yet does not have control of the House of Representatives \u2013 as occurred in the 2012 election \u2013 one begins to wonder if the system needs some tweaks.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Not just politics<\/h1>\n

Gerrymandering is often discussed in the realm of politics. But Derek W. Black at the University of South Carolina explores a case in Alabama where school districts have been redrawn to create racially segregated schools. He notes that this seems to be an unfortunate pattern across the country<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\n

\"TheIn many areas, this racial isolation has occurred gradually over time, and is often written off as the result of demographic shifts and private preferences that are beyond a school district\u2019s control.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Aviva Rutkin<\/a>, Big Data and Applied Mathematics Editor, The Conversation<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

This article was originally published on The Conversation<\/a>. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aviva Rutkin, The Conversation Editor\u2019s note: The following is roundup of archival stories. On June 19, the U.S. Supreme Court announced that it would hear Gill v. Whitford, a case on partisan gerrymandering in Wisconsin. This controversial practice \u2013 where states are carved up into oddly shaped electoral districts favoring one political party over another […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":9510,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[2275,2685,665,2687,2197,708,683,1666,2686],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9509"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9509"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9509\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9511,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9509\/revisions\/9511"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9510"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9509"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifeandnews.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}